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Cetaceans and Whaling in the Bangudae Rock Engravings

机译：Cetaceans和Banguda摇滚雕刻的捕鲸

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The discovery of the Bangudae rock engravings made great contributions. They provided important material for the prehistoric hunting of land animals, but noteworthy is the fact that they supplied even more valuable material on whaling. The engravings gave evidence that harpoons with lines had been already developed in prehistoric times as a method to hunt whales. They also indicate the targeted whale species of the time. I believe that the existing world history of primitive whaling needs to be partly rewritten according to the engravings. I would also like to point out that the Bangudae rock engravings are worthy of registering as one of the World Cultural Heritage sites of UNESCO. It is an unsolved mystery why whale hunts declined so soon instead of developing, when they appeared so early and before others in prehistoric Ulsan. It is unlikely that whaling which flourished in the region in the Bronze Age suddenly ceased at once some time at the end of the period. It would be more reasonable to suppose that it was continued at a much diminished scale even into the early Iron Age (300 B.C. to circa A.D. 0). It is unclear how long whaling was continued, but since there is no reference to whale hunts in the "Samguksagi" [editor's note: the oldest historical record in Korea of the Three Kingdoms, Sinra, Goguryeo, and Baekje], it is unlikely that it was carried on far into historical times. One possible reason for the decline is that primitive agriculture that began at the end of the Neolithic age developed in the Bronze Age, thanks to expanding farmlands and better productivity. Livestock breeding also developed, and with the stable supply of relatively abundant food, the people most likely withdrew from whale hunts that were extremely dangerous occuations. The whaling culture developed in Ulsan, the birthplace of prehistoric whale hunts in the Korean Peninsula, no doubt influenced its Japanese counterpart. The history of cultural exchange between the Korean and Japanese peoples go back to the Neolithic age. The fact has been verified by the earthenware excavated from archaeological sites of the age in the two countries (Yi 1998; Im 1992). They were also deeply involved in terms of fishing culture. Before the emergence of ancient countries, the fishermen of the Peninsula and the Japanese Archipelago, not mindful of racial identity and without any idea of national boundary, probably freely intermingled by way the islands, influencing one another. The fishermen in the southern Korean Peninsula, and Japanese fishermen of Tsushima and Iki islands, and northwest Kyushu partly shared the same fishing culture. One good example is the spreading of composite fish hook industry of Korea to western Kyushu (Watanabe 1973; Yi 1998). The gradual spread of the fish hook industry to the southern regions suggests that whaling culture that first flowered in Ulsan also spread in the same direction. The origin of the whaling scene depicted in line incising on the surface of a burial jar in the later Middle Yayoi period (circa 1000 B.C.), which was recently found at the Harunotsuji site on Iki Island (Hiraguchi 2003), may be found in the whale hunts depicted in the Bangudae rock engravings. I believe it would be a most interesting theme for future studies.
机译：Bangudae Rock雕刻的发现是出色的贡献。他们为史前狩猎提供了重要的陆地动物的重要材料，但值得注意的是他们在捕鲸中提供了更有价值的材料。雕刻给出了证据表明，史前时代已经开发了具有线的木包装作为捕猎鲸鱼的方法。他们还表明了当时的目标鲸鱼种。我认为，需要根据雕刻部分重写现有的原始捕鲸的世界历史。我还要指出，Bangudae摇滚雕刻值得注册为教科文组织世界文化遗产之一。这是一个未解决的谜团，为什么鲸鱼狩猎在史前乌斯兰在史前和其他人出现时出现的时候，鲸鱼狩猎就会被拒绝而不是发展。在青铜时代的区域蓬勃发展的捕鲸不太可能在该期间结束时突然停止一次。要假设它甚至进入早期铁的年龄（300 b.c.a.d.0），它将更加合理。目前尚不清楚捕鲸的持续时间，但由于“Samguksagi”中没有参考鲸鱼狩猎[编者注：三国韩国的最古老的历史记录，Sinra，Goguryeo和Baekje]，它不太可能它是迄今为止的历史时期。拒绝的一个可能的原因是，由于扩大农田和更好的生产力，原始农业开始于青铜时代开发的新石器时代。畜牧养殖也开发出来，随着相对丰富的食物供应稳定，最有可能从鲸鱼狩猎中退出，这是极其危险的职位。乌斯兰开发的捕鲸文化，历史鲸鱼狩猎在朝鲜半岛的出生地，毫无疑问地影响了日本的同行。韩国和日本人民之间的文化交流史回到新石器时代。这一事实已被两国年龄考古地点挖掘的陶器核实（易1998; IM 1992）。他们也深入参与捕鱼文化。在古代国家出现之前，半岛的渔民和日本群岛，并不介意种族身份，没有任何关于国家边界的想法，可能是岛屿自由混合，彼此影响。南朝鲜半岛的渔民和索岛和壹岐群岛的日本渔民，西北九州都分享了同样的捕鱼文化。一个很好的例子是韩国复合鱼钩业的展开到九州（Watanabe 1973;易1998）。鱼钩行业逐渐传播到南部地区表明，在Ulsan中首次开花的捕鲸文化也在相同方向上传播。最近在Iki岛（Hiraguchi 2003）的Harunotsuji网站（Hiraguchi 2003）中发现的墓地底座（大约1000年BC）中，捕鲸场景中描绘的捕鲸场景的起源可能会发现Bangudae摇滚雕刻中描绘的鲸鱼猎人。我相信这将是未来研究最有趣的主题。

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