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首页> 外文会议>International Symposium on Poisonous Plants >Spontaneous Nitrate/Nitrite Poisoning in Cattle Fed with Oats (Arena sativa) and Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) in the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Spontaneous Nitrate/Nitrite Poisoning in Cattle Fed with Oats (Arena sativa) and Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) in the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil

机译：用燕麦（竞技场苜蓿）和黑麦草（Lolium Multiflorum）在巴西圣卡塔琳娜州喂养的自发硝酸盐/亚硝酸盐中毒

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Nitrate and nitrite poisoning is a common problem in veterinary medicine. The primary source of exposure to nitrate by animals is ingestion of plants and water high in nitrates (Van Dijk et al. 1983; Boermans 1990; Choon et al. 1990; Riet-Alvariza 1993; Cheeke 1998; Tokarnia et al. 2000; Medeiros et al. 2003; Ozmen 2003; McKenzie et al. 2004). When ruminants ingest plants with high nitrate levels, rumen bacteria reduce these compounds to nitrite. Once absorbed, the nitrites oxide the hemoglobin ironion, turning it into methemoglobin. As methemoglobin is unable to react with oxygen, cellular anoxia occurs. When methemoglobin levels reach 30-40% clinical signs occur and levels from 80-90% cause death. The susceptibility of different species to poisoning depends on the capacity to transform nitrates into nitrites; swine are most susceptible followed by cattle, sheep, and horses (Van Dijk et al. 1983; Boermans 1990; Cheeke 1998; Radostits et al. 2000). During poisoning there is a clear decrease in blood pressure due to the nitrate ion having a relaxing effect in the smooth muscle of the small blood vessels (Van Dijk et al. 1983), which can lead to hypoxia due to peripheral circulatory insufficiency. However, this effect is less significant when compared to methemoglobin formation (Radostits et al. 2000).
机译：硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐中毒是兽医中的常见问题。动物通过动物暴露于硝酸盐的主要来源是硝酸盐的植物和水高（Van dijk等，1983; Boonans 1990; Choon等人1990; Riet-Alvariza 1993; Cheeke 1998; Tokarnia等，2000; Medeiros等人。2003; ozmen 2003; mckenzie等人。2004）。当反刍动物摄取具有高硝酸盐水平的植物时，瘤胃细菌将这些化合物减少到亚硝酸盐。一旦吸收，亚硝酸盐氧化血红蛋白熨衣蛋白，将其转化为甲基蛋白。由于甲基葡萄球菌不能与氧气反应，发生细胞缺氧。当甲基酚素水平达到30-40％的临床症状时，80-90％的水平导致死亡。不同物种对中毒的易感性取决于将硝酸盐转化为亚硝酸盐的能力;猪最容易受到牛，绵羊和马（Van dijk等，1983; Boermans 1990; Cheeke 1998; Radostits等，2000）。在中毒期间，由于硝酸根离子在小血管的平滑肌中具有松弛效果（Van dijk等，1983），这显然存在血压降低，这可能导致由于外周循环不足而导致缺氧。然而，与甲基酒蛋白形成相比，这种效果不太显着（RADOSTITS等人2000）。

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