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Titanium Production Technology: Recent Advances and Future Needs

机译：钛生产技术：最近的进步和未来需求

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Initial developments in titanium production technology were driven by the performance requirements of the aerospace and defence industries. The focus within these traditional markets has shifted increasingly towards cost over the last twenty years. The challenge for the titanium industry is now to deliver the combination of reliability and performance at a cost that is consistent with the needs of the end user. In this paper the recent technology developments and future needs are discussed in the context of costs. Specific examples will be used to illustrate both evolutionary technologies that deliver reliability and incremental cost reductions and novel approaches that eliminate process steps or revolutionize the production route. Extraction technology is critical to the cost of titanium products. The potential for novel approaches such as the FFC-Cambridge process will be discussed. Single step melting technologies such as electron beam cold hearth melting for industrial markets are likely to expand as the cost effectiveness and reliability of the processes are demonstrated. In component manufacturing stages, process design and control are critical to improving reliability and therefore cost. Optimising processes such as eliminating the risk of overheating during ring rolling and broad based benefits of process simulation are discussed. The need for fully integrated predictive tools including microstructure and property modelling to accelerate the design and implementation process is highlighted. New approaches to realize the advantages of near net shape forging are also included. Further simplifying the manufacturing chain by elimination of steps will be illustrated. Examples include laser forming and opportunities offered by critical new extraction technologies.
机译：钛生产技术的初步发展是由航空航天和国防工业的性能要求驱动的。在过去二十年内，这些传统市场内的重点越来越多地转变成本。钛业的挑战现已以与最终用户的需求一致的成本提供可靠性和性能的组合。在本文中，最近的技术发展和未来的需求在成本的背景下讨论。具体实例将用于说明提供可靠性和增量成本减少和新方法消除工艺步骤或彻底改变生产路线的进化技术。提取技术对钛产品成本至关重要。将讨论新颖方法的潜力，例如FFC-剑桥过程。单步熔化技术，如电子束冷炉熔融用于工业市场的熔化可能会随着对过程的成本效益和可靠性而扩大。在组件制造阶段，工艺设计和控制对于提高可靠性并因此是至关重要的。讨论了优化的过程，例如消除环滚动期间过热的风险以及流程模拟的广泛的益处。需要完全集成的预测工具，包括微观结构和房地产建模，以加速设计和实现过程。还包括新方法，实现近净形锻造近净锻造的优势。将说明通过消除步骤来进一步简化制造链。例子包括批判新提取技术提供的激光成型和机会。

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