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首页> 外文会议>World conference on earthquake engineering >RECENT EARTHQUAKES LESSONS AND OPTIMAL DESIGN PROBLEM ANALYSIS AS BACKGROUNDS FOR SOME CONCEPTUAL DESIGN RULES AND FOR BUILDING CODES DEVELOPMENT
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RECENT EARTHQUAKES LESSONS AND OPTIMAL DESIGN PROBLEM ANALYSIS AS BACKGROUNDS FOR SOME CONCEPTUAL DESIGN RULES AND FOR BUILDING CODES DEVELOPMENT

机译：最近的地震课程和最优设计问题分析作为一些概念设计规则的背景和构建代码开发

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Seismic optimal design research studies were carried out in Moscow Earthquake Engineering Research Center, Russian State Construction Committee. The optimization procedure is the minimax procedure for total seismic expenses is the sum of two parts: 1. The cost of the initial aseismic measures during the construction and 2. The losses caused by all probable (predicted) earthquakes during the life of the structure. The minimum of this sum corresponds to optimal expenses and optimal aseismic measures. The importance of structures, the occurrence probability of earthquakes are taken into account, as well as the human life cost (the cost the owner is ready to pay to protect the human life). The optimal design analysis results could be considered as the background for the aseismic design main philosophy and for the PBD procedures. One of the main conclusions is that any damage, except total collapse, correspond to optimal design demands and could be considered as one of the design limit states. Very heavy damage are economically permissible for certain earthquake occurrence probability and intensity (for the rarest and the strongest earthquakes). Heavy damage during the strongest EQ are inevitable, from physical point of view, as well. In contradiction with these conclusions the calculation procedures in all seismic building codes are based practically on elastic linear models, on the ductility concept, on reduction factors, and static analysis. It means that no analytical procedures are used in any Code for life safety limit state. Development of such procedures is a difficult scientific problem and needs time. The lessons of recent earthquakes have demonstrated that the main killers of people were buildings of different materials but having one common feature. All of these buildings bearings elements were overloaded by vertical static loads (dead loads vertical seismic loads, etc.). Among these buildings were reinforced concrete frame buildings (Armenia earthquake, 1988; Turkey, Greece, Taiwan earthquakes, 1999), concrete block wall buildings (Neftegorsk-Sakhalin earthquake, 1995), wooden buildings (Kobe earthquake, 1995).
机译：俄罗斯国家建设委员会莫斯科地震工程研究中心进行了地震最佳设计研究。优化程序是总地震费用的最低限度方法是两部分的总和：1。建设期间初始抗空措施的成本和2.结构期间所有可能（预测）地震所造成的损失。这笔款项的最低限度对应于最佳费用和最佳抗震措施。考虑到结构的重要性，地震的发生概率，以及人的生命成本（业主准备支付的成本以保护人类生命）。最佳的设计分析结果可以被视为抗震设计主要哲学和PBD程序的背景。主要结论之一是除了全崩溃之外的任何损坏，都与最佳设计需求相对应，并且可以被视为设计限制状态之一。对于某些地震发生概率和强度（最稀有和最强烈的地震），经济允许非常严重的损坏。在最强大的EQ期间，严重的伤害是不可避免的，从物理的角度来看，也是如此。与这些结论的结论矛盾，所有地震建筑码中的计算程序实际上基于弹性线性模型，延展性概念，降低因子和静态分析。这意味着没有在寿命安全极限状态的任何代码中使用分析程序。这些程序的开发是一个艰难的科学问题，需要时间。最近地震的教训表明，人们的主要杀手是不同材料的建筑物，但具有一个共同的特征。所有这些建筑物轴承元件通过垂直静态载荷（Dead Loads垂直地震载荷等）过载。这些建筑物中是钢筋混凝土框架建筑（亚美尼亚地震，1988年;土耳其，希腊，台湾地震，1999），混凝土砌块墙壁建筑（Neftegorsk-Sakhalin地震，1995），木制建筑（神户地震，1995）。

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