1. Neither stunting nor wasting differed in prevalence between the districts. 2. Prevalence rates of anemia and chronic diseases were significantly higher in Kazalinsk than in Zhanakorgan; in case of anemia 62.0% in Kazalinsk and 38.6% in Zhanakorgan (p < 0.001). However, there was no severe case. 3. Bioavailable iron was lower in children with anemia. 4. Prevalence of abnormality in renal function evaluated by beta-2-microgloblin and NAG was higher in Kazalinsk than in Zhanakorgan. There was no correlation with cadmium. 5. Difference of food intake in frequency and amounts between districts was observed. 6. Sodium concentration in drinking water was much higher in deep well water than the other sources of drinking water.
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