A forward model for simulating elastic lidar backscatter signals is presented. The forward propagation and the backscattering of the lidar signal are simulated in dependence of wavenumber. Absorption due to trace gases and Rayleigh Doppler broadening is considered. The background calculation and the signal propagation through the receiver are also included. The transformation of signal power in current and voltage by APDs, ACCDs or the new L3CCDs and the corresponding noise sources are simulated in detail as well as the digitization. Single atmospheric profiles and even 2-d scenes can be used as input fields. The forward model is a part of an end-to-end model, which has been developed in order to simulate the expected performances of the Water Vapour Lidar Experiment in Space (WALES).
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