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Supercritical Geothermal Systems - A Review of Past Studies and Ongoing Research Activities

机译：超临界地热系统 - 对过去的研究和正在进行的研究活动综述

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Supercritical geothermal systems are very high temperature geothermal systems that are located at depths near or below the brittle-ductile transition zone in the crust where the reservoir fluid is assumed to be in the supercritical state, e.g., for pure water temperature and pressure are respectively in excess of 374°C and 221 bar. These systems have garnered attention in recent years as a possible type of unconventional geothermal resource that could yield much higher well productivities due to their very high enthalpy fluids. Supercritical conditions are often found at the roots of volcanic-hosted hydrothermal systems. Deep wells drilled in geothermal fields such as The Geysers and Salton Sea, USA, Kakkonda, Japan, Larderello, Italy, Krafla, Iceland and Los Humeros, Mexico, have encountered temperatures in excess of 374°C, and in some cases have encountered fluid entries. The IDDP-1 well at Krafla encountered magma, and ended up producing very high enthalpy fluids; however these fluids were very corrosive and abrasive. Innovative drilling and well completion techniques may be needed to deal with the extreme temperatures and aggressive fluid chemistry compositions of these systems. New efforts are underway in Japan (northern Honshu), Italy (Larderello), Iceland (Reykjanes peninsula), Mexico (Los Humeros), and New Zealand (Taupo Volcanic Zone) to investigate supercritical systems. The Japan Beyond Brittle Project (JBBP), the New Zealand Hotter and Deeper Project (HADES), the FP7 project IMAGE as well as the Horizon 2020 projects DEEPEGS, DESCRAMBLE, GeoWell and GEMex, funded by the European Commission, provide an unprecedented opportunity for international collaboration to help solve the technical challenges associated with characterizing, drilling, and developing these high temperature systems. To facilitate interaction, METI Japan organized a meeting with invited representatives from selected G7 countries to discuss international collaboration for supercritical geothermal development as a part of the Innovation for Cool Earth Forum (ICEF) 2016. This paper, which grew out of the ICEF workshop, reviews past studies, describes current research efforts, and outlines the challenges and potential opportunities that these systems provide as geothermal resources.
机译：超临界地热系统是非常高的温度地热系统，其位于附近或下方的地壳中的脆性延展转换区域的深度，其中假设储存流体处于超临界状态，例如纯净水温和压力分别在超过374°C和221巴。近年来，这些系统始终受到关注，作为可能的非传统地热资源，可能由于其高焓流体而产生更高的良好产品。超临界条件通常在火山托管的水热系统的根部发现。在地热领域钻取的深井，如喷泉和索尔顿海，美国，kakkonda，日本，莱德雷罗，意大利，克拉夫拉，冰岛，墨西哥，墨西哥，遇到了超过374°C的温度，在某些情况下遇到了液体参赛作品。在Krafla遇到岩浆的IDDP-1井，并最终生产了非常高的焓液;然而，这些流体非常腐蚀性和磨蚀性。可能需要创新的钻井和完井技术来处理这些系统的极端温度和侵蚀性流体化学组合物。日本（北屋宇北部），意大利（Larderello），冰岛（雷克朗斯半岛），墨西哥（Los Humeros）和新西兰（Taupo火山区）正在进行新的努力，调查超临界系统。日本超越脆弱项目（JBBP），新西兰热门和更深的项目（HAVES），FP7项目形象以及地平线2020项目深度，解释，GeOWell和Gemex，由欧盟委员会提供资金，为此提供了前所未有的机会国际合作有助于解决与特征，钻孔和开发这些高温系统相关的技术挑战。为了促进互动，Meti Japa将与所选G7国家的邀请代表组成会议，讨论过上临界地热发展的国际合作，作为酷地球论坛（ICEF）2016年的创新。本文从ICEF车间驶出，评论过去的研究，描述了当前的研究工作，概述了这些系统作为地热资源提供的挑战和潜在机会。

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