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首页> 外文会议>International Astronautical Congress >'SOFT LAW' AS AN IMPEDIMENT TO THE REGULATION OF SPACE ACTIVITIES WITH MILITARY IMPLICATIONS: A VIEW FROM THE U.S. CONGRESS IAC paper #IAC-14.E7.7-B3.8.5
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'SOFT LAW' AS AN IMPEDIMENT TO THE REGULATION OF SPACE ACTIVITIES WITH MILITARY IMPLICATIONS: A VIEW FROM THE U.S. CONGRESS IAC paper #IAC-14.E7.7-B3.8.5

机译：“软法”作为具有军事影响的空间活动监管的障碍：来自美国国会纸＃IAC-14.E7.7-B3.8.5的一个视图

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The early era of space exploration was accompanied by the conclusion of legally binding multilateral agreements (often referred to as examples of "hard law") to regulate key space activities, including the Outer Space Treaty, the Rescue Agreement, and Liability Convention. Since then, new legally binding agreements have been difficult for the international community to achieve. However, many commentators and state officials have suggested that non-legally binding arrangements, or "soft law," serve as a suitable if not preferable alternative to legally binding regimes in regulating many aspects of space. While soft law has performed important functions and made valuable contributions to collaborative activities in space in the past, it may now represent a significant impediment to meaningful progress in regulating space activities with military implications. This may be especially true with respect to the most significant soft law initiative now under consideration, the draft EU Code of Conduct for Outer Space Activities, also referred to as "the International Code of Conduct for Outer Space Activities" (the ICOC). Serious challenges to peaceful cooperation in space are presented by the potential deployment of space weapons and by the increasing importance of military-related activities in space. This article examines how many members of the U.S. Congress are skeptical that soft law is able to adequately address these challenges. In particular, the draft ICOC appears to taking on unhelpful political overtones in the U.S. Congress where it is viewed by some members as an illegitimate and unconstitutional "backdoor" mechanism for the creation of unsanctioned, legally-binding and controversial arms control regimes. The impact of these still unfolding developments within the U.S. Constitutional system of government casts a shadow on future U.S. support of the ICOC as well as the key role that soft law has played in the development of customary international law governing space activities.
机译：太空勘探的早期时代伴随着法律约束力的多边协议（通常被称为“普兰法”）规范关键空间活动，包括外层空间条约，救援协议和责任公约。从那时起，国际社会难以实现新的法律约束力协议。然而，许多评论员和州官员建议，非法律约束力的安排或“软法”，作为合适的替代方案，以应对规范空间许多方面的具有法律约束力的制度。虽然软法在过去的空间中对协作活动进行了重要的职责，但现在可能代表了在规范与军事影响的空间活动方面有意义的进步。对于现在正在考虑的最重要的软律倡议可能尤其如此，欧盟外层空间活动的行为草案草案，也被称为“外部空间活动的国际行为准则”（ICOC）。通过潜在的空间武器和越来越重要的空间中的越来越重要的挑战，对空间和平合作的严重挑战。本文审查了美国国会的有多少成员持怀疑态度，即软法能够充分解决这些挑战。特别是，国际委员会草案似乎在美国国会上采取无益的政治泛滥，其中一些成员被一些成员视为创造未经团，具有法律约束力和争议武器控制制度的非法和违宪的“后门”机制。这些仍然展开的美国政府内部的影响对未来美国的宪法制度展示了一个阴影。支持国际法森的支持以及软法在习惯国际法的发展中发挥的关键作用。

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