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Is Zero Solid Waste Possible for Fly Ash Produced from any Coal-fired Power Plant?

机译：从任何燃煤发电厂生产的粉煤灰是零固体废物？

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Fly ash is one of largest industrial solid wastes from the coal combustion process. The total volume for global, China and USA in 2015 was reported to be about 1.143 billion tons, 566 million tons, and 44 million tons with the average utilization rate of 60%, 70%, and 52%, respectively. All fly ashes have three fundamental materials properties: particle size distribution and particle morphology, chemical compositions, and mineral compositions. These material properties depend on the coal type, combustion process, and environmental control process. Therefore, not every fly ash produced from each coal fired plant has the same values in these properties. Due to its significant variations, most of fly ash utilization is in the low-value applications dominated by building applications, more than 45% in USA, 70% in Europe, and 88% in China. Depending on the location of power plants, those nearby cities can reach a full utilization due to the high demand in building and construction, but those in remote areas have an extremely low utilization, even 0%. At the present, it is not possible to achieve zero solid waste of fly ash for every coal-fired power plant, particularly located in a remote area. However, the official law or rule to use fly ash as a raw material, instead of a solid waste, has been established in US and in China. Based on these rules, there are 3 necessary efforts to achieve a full utilization of fly ash. This paper discusses these rules, and presents these necessary efforts and progresses made at NICE to achieve zero solid waste of fly ash produced from any coal-fired power plant, regardless of its location.
机译：粉煤灰是煤燃烧过程中最大的工业固体废物之一。据报道，2015年全球，中国和美国的总量约为1.14.3亿吨，566万吨，4400万吨，平均利用率分别为60％，70％和52％。所有飞灰都有三种基本材料特性：粒度分布和颗粒形态，化学成分和矿物组合物。这些材料特性取决于煤型，燃烧过程和环境控制过程。因此，不是每种燃煤植物产生的每种粉煤灰在这些性质中具有相同的值。由于其显着变化，大部分粉煤灰利用率在建设应用中，在美国的低价应用中，美国超过45％，欧洲70％和88％。根据发电厂的位置，附近的城市由于建筑和施工的需求很高，而且偏远地区的利用率极低，甚至0％。目前，对于每种燃煤电厂，尤其位于偏远地区，不可能实现粉煤灰的零固体浪费。然而，在美国和中国建立了使用粉煤灰作为原料的官方法律或规则，而不是固体废物。根据这些规则，有3项必要的努力来实现粉煤灰充分利用。本文讨论了这些规则，并呈现了这些必要的努力，并在很好的情况下取得了进展，以实现由任何燃煤发电厂生产的粉煤灰的零固体浪费，无论其位置如何。

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