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FAIRMOUNT SUSPENSION BRIDGE

机译：Fairmount悬架桥

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On January 1, 1842, the three Philadelphia County Commissioners celebrated a grand opening of their new suspension bridge over the Schuylkill River just outside city limits at Fairmount. The toll-free two-lane highway crossing was the first of its kind in North America. Philadelphians celebrate the first day of each year, Mummers Day, as a traditional major holiday, which may have added some sort of festive air to the event, although the suspension bridge preceded the now-famous parades by several decades. Fairmount Suspension Bridge was one of the most significant bridges ever built in the USA for several reasons. It was a public structure, as opposed to a private enterprise, and therefore it occupied an important place in our civil engineering history among the forerunners of thousands of state and county highway structures all over the continent. It was built using innovative design theory and construction techniques taught at the world's foremost engineering school in an era when academic bridge building concepts were almost unknown in this country. Most importantly, it was a great success, stimulating dozens of other designers and builders, with the result that wire cable suspension bridges became the norm, chain cable suspension bridges soon were phased out, and design leadership in long span bridges was passed from Europe to America. (Figures 1 & 2) Ironically, despite the great political and engineering significance of the 1842 Fairmount Suspension Bridge, and its 33-year record of reliable service, no marker of any kind identifies the location at this time. The purpose of this essay is to illuminate the obscure history of this remarkable structure, traditionally known to Philadelphians as The Wire Bridge, correcting a few distortions and misunderstandings that have crept into the historical record during the 20th century.
机译：1842年1月1日，这三个费城县委员会庆祝了斯基洛基河上的新吊桥盛开，距离城市范围外的山地河。免费的双车道公路穿越是北美的第一个。费城庆祝了每年的第一天，哑剧日，作为一个传统的主要假期，这可能为活动增加了某种节日空气，尽管暂停桥在几十年来之前先着名的游行。由于几个原因，Fairmount Suspension Bridge是美国最重要的桥梁之一。这是一个公共结构，而不是私营企业，因此它在全年大陆的成千上万的州和县公路结构的先行者的先行者中占据了我们的土木工程历史中的重要位置。它是利用创新的设计理论和建筑技巧建造，在这个国家学术桥梁建筑概念几乎不为人知的时代，世界上最重要的工程学学院教授。最重要的是，它取得了巨大的成功，刺激了数十名其他设计师和建筑商，结果是电线电缆悬架桥成为常态，连锁电缆悬架桥很快被淘汰，长跨度桥梁的设计领导到欧洲美国。 （图1和2）讽刺意味的是，尽管1842年Fairmount悬架桥的政治和工程意义具有巨大的政治和工程意义，其可靠服务的33年记录，但任何类型的标记都没有标识此时的位置。本文的目的是阐明这种非凡结构的模糊历史，传统上是费城作为电线桥，纠正了20世纪历史记录的一些扭曲和误解。

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