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OCEAN ABYSSAL CARBON EXPERIMENTS AT 0.7 AND 4 KM DEPTH

机译：海洋深层碳实验0.7和4公里深度

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Observations from small-scale (20 to 90 litres) CO_2 experiments conducted off the coast of California at 684 m depth and at 3942 m depth are discussed. In both experiments, when the seawater velocity was sufficiently strong, parcels of liquid CO_2 were torn off and transported away as discrete units by the turbulent water current. In the deep experiment, newly formed frazil hydrate was observed at the interface, occasionally including sediment particles. Hydrate furthermore collected and created a floating consolidated solid ("ice") in the downstream end of the trough, dissolving slowly from one day to the next. These observations have important implications for understanding and modelling of larger scale disposal at the seafloor. In particular, when CO_2 is released by the interfacial instability mechanism driven by strong currents, the seawater density increase due to dissolution of CO_2 may not have time to act and stabilize the water column before the discrete parcels of liquid phase CO_2 are adverted away from the disposal site. The floating solid that formed at the interface is hypothesized to consist of hydrate and additional trapped seawater. Its appearance was not expected in advance and its role in delaying dissolution can not be determined from the present experimental set-up. A capability for long-term seafloor perturbation experiments is deemed to be crucial both for direct ocean-storage research and for studying effects of invasion of anthropogenic CO_2 from the atmosphere.
机译：在684米深度和3942米深度探讨了大规模（20至90升）CO_2实验的小型（20至90升）CO_2实验。在这两个实验中，当海水速度足够强时，液体CO_2的包裹被撕掉并通过湍流水流作为离散单元运输。在深度实验中，在界面观察到新形成的弗拉尔水合物，偶尔包括沉积物颗粒。在槽的下游末端收集并产生浮动固结的固体（“冰”），从一天到下一个溶解。这些观察结果对于在海底进行更大规模处置的理解和建模方面具有重要意义。特别地，当CO_2通过由强电流驱动的界面不稳定机构释放时，由于CO_2的溶解导致的海水密度增加可能在液相CO_2的离散包裹被宣传的离散地图之前，因此可能没有时间作用和稳定水柱处置网站。在界面处形成的浮体被假设为由水合物和额外的捕获海水组成。预计其外观预计并未预期，其在延迟溶解中的作用不能从目前的实验设置中确定。一种长期的海底扰动实验能力被认为是既直接海洋封存技术领域的研究为从大气CO_2人为入侵的影响是至关重要的。

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