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Nondestructive Evaluation of Surface Crack Depth in Concrete

机译：混凝土表面裂纹深度的无损评价

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Subsurface damages in concrete may cause considerable durability loss in the structure since they are not visible from the surface and let water and other chemicals to penetrate into the structure and cause reinforcement corrosion. Ultrasonic methods have been widely applied for defect detection in concrete, however, there are not many applications of the method found in literature for subsurface damage identification. Specifically, when the damage is deeper considering the distance from the top surface. Therefore, in this study concrete blocks including subsurface cracks with different depths as well as a sound concrete block were tested by applying ultrasound. Wave parameters such as velocity and attenuation for each case were evaluated. Rayleigh wave and longitudinal wave velocities do not change for different subsurface crack depths. Even though, wave energy attenuates more in case of a shallower crack, it is difficult to correlate the attenuation rate with crack depth. Still, attenuation rate is an indicative parameter for subsurface damage identification. Numerical results obtained by Boundary Element Method (BEM) analysis are in good agreement with experimental ones. Stack imaging procedure applied to ultrasonic echo data is used as a complementary technique for subsurface crack depth identification. Reflection at the crack depth can be clearly identified.
机译：混凝土中的地下损坏可能导致结构中具有相当大的耐久性损失，因为它们从表面看不到，让水和其他化学物质渗透到结构中并引起增强腐蚀。超声波方法已广泛应用于混凝土中的缺陷检测，然而，在文献中发现了用于地下损伤识别的方法中的许多应用。具体地，当损坏更深时，考虑到距顶表面的距离。因此，在本研究中，通过施加超声波测试包括具有不同深度以及声音混凝土块的地下裂缝的混凝土块。评估了像诸如每种情况的速度和衰减的波浪参数。瑞利波和纵波速度不会改变不同的地下裂缝深度。尽管如此，波动能量在较浅的裂缝中衰减，难以将衰减率与裂缝深度相关联。仍然，衰减率是用于地下损伤识别的指示性参数。边界元法（BEM）分析获得的数值结果与实验结果良好。应用于超声波回波数据的堆叠成像过程用作地下裂纹深度识别的互补技术。可以清楚地识别裂缝深度的反射。

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