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首页> 外文会议>Annual International Meeting of the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers >Crop Performance and Soil Phosphorus Losses in Surface Runoff and Tile Drainage As Related to Organic Manure, Chemical Fertilizer and Drainage Water Management
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Crop Performance and Soil Phosphorus Losses in Surface Runoff and Tile Drainage As Related to Organic Manure, Chemical Fertilizer and Drainage Water Management

机译：与有机肥，化肥和排水管道相关的地表径流和瓷砖排水中的作物性能和土壤磷损失

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Understanding phosphorus (P) loss in soils receiving nutrients from various sources in combination with drainage water management strategies is important to develop risk assessment tools and BMPs that minimize adverse impacts of agricultural practiceon water quality. An experiment was conducted in a clay loam soil of Eastern Canada over a 4-year period to determine crop yields and soil P losses in surface runoff (SR) and sub-surface tile drainage (TD) as influenced by additions of liquid (LCM) and solid cattle manures (SCM), in comparison with chemical fertilizer (CF), under regular free drainage (RFD) and controlled drainage/sub-irrigation (CDS). Cropping system was corn-soybean rotation, with a unified amount of P, 50 kg P ha~(-1), added from each of the three sources to the corn phase. Surface runoff and sub-surface tile drainage flows were monitored and samples collected continuously year round using an auto-sampling system. Water samples were analyzed for dissolved reactive (DRP), dissolved un-reactive P, and particular P. Both P source and drainage water management affected corn yields, but not on the soybean yield. Corn yield was the highest with CF, followed by SCM, with the LCM the lowest. Controlled drainage and sub-irrigation decreasedslightly the corn yield, relative to RFD. Annual total P losses (ATPL) through both SR and TD were 4740 g P ha~(-1) in the CF control plots, but decreased to 4383 and 3834 g P ha~(-1) with added LCM and SCM, respectively, under RFD. Under CDS, ATPL was4228 g P ha~(-1) in the CF control plots, and decreased to 3996 and 3453 g P ha~(-1) with added LCM and SCM, respectively. Of the ATPL, from 40% to 63 % was attributed to P loss in sub-surface tile drainage water. Dissolved reactive P accounted for 26, 23, and 50% of the soil P loss for CF, LCM and SCM treatments, respectively, and the percentages were similar between RFD and CDS. Annual total soil P loss followed the order of CF>LCM>SCM, but generally reduced with CDS, regardless of P sources. An optimized combination of nutrient source with drainage water management must be developed to maximize production profitability, while minimizing soil P losses to water resource.
机译：了解来自各种来源的土壤中的磷（P）损失与排水水管理策略的结合，对开发风险评估工具和BMP来说是重要的，这使得最大限度地减少农业培养水质的不利影响。在加拿大东部的粘土壤土土壤中进行了一个实验，在4年期间，确定表面径流（SR）和亚表面瓷砖排水（TD）中的作物产量和土壤P损失（TD），因为通过添加液体（LCM）与常规自由排水（RFD）和受控排水/次灌（CD）相比，固体牛粪（SCM）与化学肥料（CF）相比。种植系统是玉米大豆旋转，统一量的p，50kg p ha〜（-1），从三个来源中的每一个添加到玉米阶段。监测表面径流和子表面瓦片排水流，并使用自动采样系统连续收集样品。分析水样用于溶解的反应性（DRP），溶解的未反应性P，溶解的未反应性P，并且P源和引流水管理均受玉米产量，但不是大豆产量。 CF的玉米产量最高，其次是SCM，LCM最低。相对于RFD，受控排水和亚灌溉减少玉米产量。通过SR和TD的年度总P损失（ATPL）在CF控制图中为4740g p ha〜（-1），但分别增加到4383和3834g p ha〜（-1），分别增加了LCM和SCM，在rfd下。在CD下，在CF控制图中，ATPL为4228g p ha〜（-1），并减少到3996和3453g p ha〜（-1），分别增加了LCM和SCM。在ATPL中，40％至63％归因于亚表面瓦片排水水中的P损失。溶解的活性P分别占CF，LCM和SCM治疗的26,23和50％的土壤P损失，并且RFD和Cds之间的百分比类似。年度总土壤P损失遵循CF> LCM> SCM的顺序，但通常用CD减少，无论P源。必须开发出利用排水水管理的优化组合，以最大限度地提高生产盈利能力，同时最大限度地降低土壤损失对水资源的损失。

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