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Low-intensity livestock systems in Europe: an opportunity for quality products, recreation revenues and environmental conservation

机译：欧洲的低强度畜牧系统：优质产品，娱乐收入和环境保护的机会

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Low-intensity livestock systems are important as reservoirs of biodiversity and providers of ecosystem services for society, as well as a source of income in many marginal agricultural areas. Although in most areas dairy systems continue to intensify,sheep/beef production systems tend to be low-intensity, reflecting poorer land quality or harsher climate. Low input systems can offer health and ecosystem service benefits above and beyond their intensive counterparts; given the high performance in these areas, low-input systems should not be relegated only to European marginal areas. Yet, key challenges remain, of which the most prominent may be land use change, climate changes, and long term economic viability and ecological sustainability. Currentscenarios for global change conditions project significant biodiversity losses and a degradation of ecosystem services worldwide. However, the scenarios are limited in their capability to propose much-needed innovative measures to face the new situation.For both intensive and extensive systems, it is urgent to design innovative measures to face the new situation, within which low-intensity livestock systems are expected to have an increasingly important role. We explore these issues in relation to biodiversity and its role as provider of ecosystem services such as productivity, forage quality, and soil carbon storage.
机译：低强度畜牧系统是作为社会生态系统服务的生物多样性和生态系统服务提供者的储层，以及许多边际农业区域的收入来源。尽管在大多数地区的奶业系统继续加大，羊/肉牛生产体系往往是低强度的，反映了较差的土地质量或更严厉的气候。低输入系统可以提供高于其密集的对应物的健康和生态系统服务效益;鉴于这些领域的高性能，低输入系统不应仅为欧洲边际区域降级。然而，仍然存在关键挑战，其中最突出的可能是土地利用变化，气候变化，以及长期的经济可行性和生态可持续性。全球变革条件的潮流计划项目的大量生物多样性损失和全球生态系统服务的退化。然而，该方案的能力有限，提出了面对新形势的急需创新措施。这两个强度和广泛的系统，迫切需要设计创新措施，以面对新情况，在其中低强度牲畜系统预计发挥着越来越重要的作用。我们探讨了与生物多样性相关的这些问题及其作为生态系统服务的提供者，如生产力，饲料质量和土壤碳储存。

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