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首页> 外文会议>American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine Forum >EVIDENCE-BASED ANTIMICROBIAL TREATMENT STRATEGIES FOR INFECTIONSIN LLAMAS AND ALPACAS
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EVIDENCE-BASED ANTIMICROBIAL TREATMENT STRATEGIES FOR INFECTIONSIN LLAMAS AND ALPACAS

机译：嗜睡素和羊驼的循证抗微生物治疗策略

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Bacterial infections requiring extended antimicrobial therapy (such as pneumonia, peritonitis, sepsis, uterine and dental infection) are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in camelids. Traditionally, plasma drug concentrations in relationto the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for the bacterial pathogen of interest have been used to predict potential efficacy of antimicrobial agents. For respiratory tract infections, pulmonary epithelial lining fluid (ELF) and alveolar macrophages(AM) have been advocated as important sites of infection with common extracellular and intracellular respiratory pathogens, respectively. Drug penetration and drug concentrations in lung compartments should therefore assist in the selection of appropriate antibacterial therapy and design of dosing regimens 3. In order to reach the alveolar ELF and lung interstitium antimicrobials must cross the blood-bronchus barrier. Factors that affect penetration include drug protein binding, the degree of lipophiliciry, administration of the drug in a non-ionized form, pH at the site of infection as well as the degree of pulmonary inflammation. Additionally, the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic parameters that correlate with the efficacy of specific antimicrobial agents include (1) the percentage of time during which unbound (free) drug concentrations remain above the MIC of an infecting micro-organism for time dependent drug; (2) the ratio of the maximum unbound drug concentration to the MIC of an infecting micro-organism in the case of concentration dependent antimicrobials (3) the ratio of the unbound drug's area under the curve (AUC) during a 24-hour time period to the MIC of an infecting micro-organism [in the case of antimicrobials such as fluoroquinolones,aminoglycosides, azithromycin, clarithromycin, doxycycline and vancomycin].
机译：需要延长的抗微生物疗法（如肺炎，腹膜炎，败血症，子宫和牙科感染）的细菌感染是在骆驼科动物的发病率和死亡率的一个显著原因。传统上，在relationto针对感兴趣的细菌病原体的最低抑制浓度（MIC）血浆药物浓度已被用于预测的抗微生物剂的潜在效力。对于呼吸道感染，肺部上皮细胞衬液（ELF）及肺泡巨噬细胞（AM）就一直在倡导与相应的共同细胞外和细胞内的呼吸道病原体，感染的重要场所。因此在肺室药物渗透和药物浓度应协助适当的抗菌治疗和给药方案3的设计的选择为了达到肺泡ELF和肺间质的抗微生物剂必须穿过血支气管屏障。影响渗透因素包括在感染部位药物蛋白结合，lipophiliciry的程度，药物的施用在非离子化形式，pH值以及肺部炎症的程度。此外，药代动力学，药效学参数，与特定的抗微生物剂的功效相关成分包括（1）的时间的百分比，在此期间未结合（游离）药物浓度保持的感染微生物的MIC以上时间依赖性药物; （2）的最大未结合的药物浓度到MIC中浓度依赖性的抗微生物剂（3）的情况下的曲线（AUC）下的未结合药物的面积的比例的感染微生物的过程中24小时的时间周期的比率到感染的微生物[在抗微生物剂如氟喹诺酮类，氨基糖甙类，阿奇霉素，克拉霉素，多西环素和万古霉素的情况下]的MIC。

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