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首页> 外文会议>International Seminar on Nuclear War and Planetary Emergencies >THE HIGH-VOLUME HORMONALLY ACTIVE CHEMICAL BISPHENOL A: HUMAN EXPOSURE, HEALTH HAZARDS AND NEED TO FIND ALTERNATIVES
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THE HIGH-VOLUME HORMONALLY ACTIVE CHEMICAL BISPHENOL A: HUMAN EXPOSURE, HEALTH HAZARDS AND NEED TO FIND ALTERNATIVES

机译：大批量激素活性化学双酚A：人类暴露，健康危害，需要找到替代品

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The chemical bisphenol A (BPA) was first used as a component of Bakelite, a plastic from which billiard balls and some other products were made in the early to mid 20~(th) century. Similar to many phenolic compounds, BPA was reported to be a synthetic estrogen in 1936, and BPA had the efficacy of estradiol (Dodds and Lawson, 1936). In the 1950s, polymer chemists discovered that these estrogenic BPA molecules could be polymerized to make polycarbonate, a hard, clear plastic. BPA is also used in the manufacture of the resin lining of food and beverage cans in the USA and many other countries. In addition to being the monomer that is used in the above products, BPA is also used as an additive (plasticizer) in other types of plastic, such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC). BPA is one of the highest production volume chemicals in commerce, with over 8-billion pounds produced in 2008 (Bailin et al. 2008). The range of products that contain BPA is not known due to product confidentiality laws that protect corporations from revealing the chemicals used in products. A question that is often asked is: How could chemists have used a chemical that had been reported to act like a sex hormone to make plastic products such as baby bottles? The "green chemistry" movement not only provides answers to this question (which is that they did not pay attention to biological effects), but most importantly, it provides solutions (Anastas and Kirchhoff, 2002).
机译：化学双酚A（BPA）首先用作胶木的组分，塑料从中占据了台球和一些其他产品的塑料，于20〜（Th）世纪中期。类似于许多酚类化合物，据报道，BPA是1936年的合成雌激素，BPA具有雌二醇（DoDDS和Lawson，1936）的疗效。在20世纪50年代，聚合物化学家发现，这些雌激素BPA分子可以聚合以制备聚碳酸酯，硬质透明塑料。 BPA还用于制造美国和许多其他国家的食品和饮料罐的树脂衬里。除了在上述产物中使用的单体外，BPA还用作其他类型的塑料中的添加剂（增塑剂），例如聚氯乙烯（PVC）。 BPA是商业最高产量化学品之一，2008年生产超过80亿英镑（Bailin等人2008）。由于产品机密性法律保护公司免除产品中使用的化学品，因此含有BPA的产品范围是不知道的。经常被问到的问题是：化学家们如何使用据报道的化学品，就像性激素一样制造婴儿瓶子等塑料制品？ “绿色化学”运动不仅为这个问题提供了答案（这是他们没有注意生物学效应），但最重要的是，它提供了解决方案（Anastas和Kirchhoff，2002）。

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