The temporomandibular joints (TMJs) are the foundation and support for jaw position, function, occlusion, and facial balance necessary for quality treatment outcomes in dentistry, orthodontics, and orthognathic surgery. If the TMJs are not stable and healthy (non-pathological), treatment outcomes in these dental disciplines may be unsatisfactory relative to function, esthetics, occlusal and skeletal stability, and pain. There are many temporomandibular joint disorders that can affect the TMJ adversely. The most common of these conditions include: 1. Articular disc dislocation; 2. Reactive arthritis; 3. Adolescent internal condylar resorption; 4. Condylar hyperplasia; 5. Osteochondroma or osteoma; and 6. End-stage TMJ pathology.
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