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Seismic vulnerability of buildings in recent earthquakes in Pakistan

机译：巴基斯坦近期地震地震的地震脆弱性

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摘要

Pakistan is situated in one of the most seismically active regions of the world with a large part of the country at significant risk of disaster. The country has suffered badly from severe earthquakes in the past (e.g., 1935, 1974, 1997, 2005 and 2008). The extent of the damage can be attributed to the high vulnerability of existing buildings that were constructed in traditional fashion and in wide-spread mountainous regions of the country. The occurrence of a damaging earthquake provides an opportunity to compare observed and damage prognosis with observations. This study documents the scale and extent of damage that resulted from 2005 Kashmir earthquake and 2008 Baluchistan earthquake. Major building types in Pakistan are defined and typical vulnerability class is assigned according to the European Macroseismic Scale-98 (EMS-98). Damage scenarios are modeled and simulated with more refined vulnerability functions derived from macroseismic field studies in 2005,2006, 2007 and 2008. Results are presented as GIS-maps for different scenario events described in terms of Mean Damage Grades (D_m). A comparison of the computed damage estimates with available information about the observed earthquake damages shows that the level of earthquake damage can be estimated adequately The study provides basic information for planning purposes of the number of damaged buildings, which might occur after a certain earthquake.
机译：巴基斯坦位于世界上最震荡的地区之一，拥有灾难的大部分地区。过去的地震中，该国遭受了严重的影响（例如，1935年，1974年，1997年，2005年和2008年）。损害的程度可归因于现有建筑物的高脆弱性，这些建筑物以传统方式和全国广泛蔓延的山区建造。损坏地震的发生提供了与观察观察和损害预后进行比较的机会。本研究记录了2005年克什米尔地震和2008年俾珀斯坦地震所产生的损害的规模和程度。 Pakistan的主要建筑类型是定义的，典型的漏洞类根据欧洲Macroseismic Sc​​ale-98（EMS-98）分配。通过2005,2006,2007和2008年的Macroseismic Field Research的更精细漏洞功能进行建模和模拟损坏方案。结果呈现为在平均损伤等级（D_M）中描述的不同场景事件的GIS映射。通过关于观察到的地震损伤的可用信息的计算损伤估计的比较表明，可以充分估计地震损坏的水平，该研究提供了用于规划损坏建筑物数量的基本信息，这可能发生在某种地震之后可能发生。

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