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首页> 外文会议>WateReuse Symposium >CASE STUDIES FOR WATER REUSE AT FACILITES OF THE PETROLEUM PROCESSING INDUSTRIES
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CASE STUDIES FOR WATER REUSE AT FACILITES OF THE PETROLEUM PROCESSING INDUSTRIES

机译：石油加工行业辅助工业仪水重用案例研究

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Membrane processes, including microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF), reverse osmosis (RO), and electrodialysis (ED) or electrodialysis reversal (EDR), are becoming popular advanced treatment methods for water and wastewater treatment and reuse. MF, UF, NF and RO are called pressure-driven membrane processes, while MF/UF are also called low-pressure membranes, and NF/RO called high-pressure membranes based on operating pressure ranges. In general, the higher the pressure the lower is the pore size rating of the membrane. Figure 1 shows the relative removal capabilities for pressure-driven processes and compares these processes with media filtration (AWWA/ASCE, 1998). ED/EDR are called electric voltage-driven membrane processes in which alternating cation and anion transfer ion exchange membranes in flat-sheet form are placed between positive and negative electrodes. Applying a voltage across the electrodes causes a direct current to flow, which results in positively charged cations moving toward the negative electrode and negatively charged anions moving toward the positive electrode. This causes alternating compartments to become demineralized and the other compartments to become concentrated with ions (AWWA, 2005). ED removes ionized species only and does not remove electrically neutral substances such as silica or particulate matter because product water does not pass through a membrane barrier as it does in pressure-driven membrane processes. EDR is a variation of the ED process that uses periodic electrical polarity reversal to flush the membranes for enhancing membrane scale and fouling control (Meller, 1984). Since the introduction of EDR by Ionics in the early 1970s it quickly became the predominant form of ED used because of the fouling control enhancement.
机译：膜方法，包括微滤（MF），超滤（UF），纳米滤光（NF），反渗透（RO）和电渗析（ED）或电渗析逆转（EDR）正在成为水和废水处理和再利用的流行先进的处理方法。 MF，UF，NF和RO称为压力驱动的膜工艺，而MF / UF也称为低压膜，并且基于操作压力范围称为高压膜的NF / RO。通常，压力越高，膜的孔径额定值越低。图1显示了压力驱动过程的相对去除能力，并将这些过程与媒体过滤（AWWA / ASCE，1998）进行比较。 ED / EDR称为电压驱动的膜工艺，其中平板形式的交替阳离子和阴离子转移离子交换膜置于正极和负电极之间。施加两端电极的电压导致流动流动，这导致正电极朝向负电极移动，并且朝向正电极的带负电的阴离子。这导致交替的隔间变得脱矿质，其他隔室被离子集中（AWWA，2005）。 ED仅除去电离物种，并且不会除去电中性物质，例如二氧化硅或颗粒物质，因为产物水不会通过膜屏障，因为它在压力驱动的膜过程中形成。 EDR是ED过程的变化，其使用周期性电极性反转以冲洗膜以增强膜尺度和污垢控制（MELLER，1984）。自20世纪70年代初通过离子引入EDR以来，由于污垢控制增强，因此迅速成为所使用的主要形式。

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