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RESEARCH ON AIRBAG RELATED INJURIES

机译：安全气囊相关伤害研究

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Nowadays the airbag is the most important and effective restraint system available to prevent accident injuries on the market. But in some cases its activation produces some facial, ocular and audition injuries, and also intoxication effects. The objective of this project was to develop an evaluation tool capable of predicting injuries to the face. Facial, ocular and auditory injuries occur under velocities that vary in the limits of activation/no activation set by each manufacturer (4V < 48 km/h). In fact most of these injuries occur in frontal impacts where the interaction between driver and airbag is the greatest. Additional to this, shorter occupants (<1.60 m) used to have the most severe injuries due to their position during driving (proximity to the airbag). From those mentioned, the most common injuries are facial, ocular and skin abrasion. The noise produced by an activating airbag is generally over the safe limit for a person, and can cause permanent damage to the internal ear. The explosion is generated by the chemical reaction of gases that may produce intoxication or skin injury. First task of this project is the evaluation of the injury map related to airbag activation in frontal impact, although other configurations are considered. Also, a revision on the state of the art and the direct relation with possible facial, ocular and audition injuries and intoxication will be performed. The next task is to develop a set of testing procedures for the evaluation of the established injuries that airbag deployment causes to the occupants. To finalize, an assessment of the developed tools and protocols will be made. With the three elements defined, an overall evaluation on the severity of the airbag system to be assessed can be generated, allowing manufacturers and designers to create more effective yet non-injurious systems. The project activities focus on the development of a measuring system designed to predict facial and ocular injuries resulting from blunt impacts during contact with the airbag, estimating the risk of suffering facial bone fractures or severe ocular injury. This is accomplished through a special mask that measures the applied pressure on specific points of the head, such as nose tip, eyes, eyebrows, jaw, etc. To estimate the risk of audition injury, a particularly designed dummy head makes use of special microphones to measure the sound and pressure levels found in the cabin during airbag activation. This head can be used both in static and dynamic tests. For the intoxication and skin abrasion injuries, a protocol and a tool to measure the amount of toxic gases released from the explosion of the airbag is developed. In this particular case, the most relevant toxic gases were selected and the adequate instrumentation established for the development of the test.
机译：如今，安全气囊是最重要而有效的克制系统，可以防止市场发生事故伤害。但在某些情况下，其活化会产生一些面部，眼镜和试镜损伤，以及中毒效果。该项目的目标是开发一种能够预测面部伤害的评估工具。在速度下发生面部，眼镜和听觉损伤，其在激活/没有激活的限制下变化（每种制造商设定的激活（4V <48 km / h）。事实上，大多数这些伤害发生在驾驶员和安全气囊之间的相互作用的正面影响中。此外，较短的乘员（<1.60米）用于由于其在驾驶期间的位置而具有最严重的伤害（靠近安全气囊）。从那些提到的那些，最常见的伤害是面部，眼和皮肤磨损。通过激活安全气囊产生的噪声通常在一个人的安全限制上，并且可能对内耳造成永久性损坏。爆炸由可能产生中毒或皮肤损伤的气体的化学反应产生。虽然考虑了其他配置，但该项目的第一个任务是评估与前部冲击中的安全气囊激活相关的伤害图。此外，将进行对现有技术的修订和与可能的面部，眼部和试镜损伤和中毒的直接关系。下一个任务是开发一套测试程序，以评估安全气囊部署对乘员的造成伤害。最终确定，将进行对发达的工具和协议的评估。通过定义的三个元素，可以产生对待评估的安全气囊系统的严重程度的总体评估，允许制造商和设计师创造更有效但不损害的系统。项目活动侧重于开发测量系统，该系统旨在预测与安全气囊接触期间钝性撞击产生的面部和眼部损伤，估算面部骨折或严重眼损伤的风险。这通过一个特殊的面具来实现，该掩模可以测量头部的特定点的施加压力，例如鼻尖，眼睛，眉毛，钳口等来估计试镜损伤的风险，特别设计的虚拟头利用特殊的麦克风测量安全气囊激活期间机舱中发现的声音和压力水平。此头可以在静态和动态测试中使用。对于中毒和皮肤磨损损伤，开发了一种衡量气囊爆炸释放的有毒气体量的方案和工具。在这种特殊情况下，选择了最相关的毒性气体，并且为测试的开发建立了适当的仪器。

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