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首页> 外文会议>International Conference on Organic Fruit-Growing >Suitability of early ripening sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars for organic production - results of a long term trial in Eastern Austria
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Suitability of early ripening sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars for organic production - results of a long term trial in Eastern Austria

机译：适用于早期成熟的甜樱桃（Prunus Avium L.）品种用于有机生产的品种 - 奥地利东部长期试验结果

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Although there has been a rising demand on the Austrian market in recent years, organic sweet cherry production has been limited particularly due to difficulty in controlling cherry fruit fly (Rhagoletis cerasi L). Only cultivars that ripen very earlyare not affected by this insect pest. Fruit rots caused by Monilinia spp. are also difficult to control under organic production methods. This perennial trial aimed at defining the suitability of some old and new early-ripening cherry cultivars for organic production. In autumn 2003, eleven cultivars were planted in the Institute research orchard in eastern Austria. They had been grafted on the dwarfing rootstock Gisela5 and cultivated organically. Between 2006 and 2012, yield and growth characteristics, as well as susceptibility to plant diseases and pests (especially fruit damage caused by the cherry fruit fly), were evaluated.Low (< 0.3 % in the mean of four years) infestation with cherry fruit fly could be found on the very early (late May - early June) ripening cultivars 'Early Lory', 'Bigarreau Moreau', 'Bigarreau Burlat', 'Jaboulay', 'Marzer Kirsche' and 'Merton Premier'.Some later ripening cultivars, including 'Merchant', 'Bigarreau Burlat VG' and 'Valeska', which ripened in early June, were already infested by the larvae, but, in the most years at a level below the market tolerance of 2 %, whereas the very late ripening control cultivar 'Sumtare' had about 20 % of infested fruits.Based on data gathered during seven years of evaluation, besides the very early ripening standard cultivar 'Bigarreau Burlat', which was not affected by fruit fly and showed good growth, yield and fruit quality characteristics and good fruit size, the cultivar 'Merchant', which matures about five days after 'Burlat', and which had low susceptibility to leaf spots (Blumeriella jaapii R.), high specific cumulative yield and good fruit size would be suitable for organic production. With some restrictions (low specific cumulative yield), the very early ripening cultivar 'Bigarreau Moreau' could also be of interest to growers. None of the local cultivars can be recommended for commercial production because fruits were too small ('Samling von Sauerbrunn' and'Marzer Kirsche') or because of high susceptibility to mechanical fruit damage in years with rainfall during the harvest period ('Jaboulay').
机译：虽然近年来奥地利市场的需求上升，但有机甜樱桃生产受到限制，特别是控制樱桃果蝇（rhagoletis cerasi l）。只有品种的品种，很难不受这种害虫的影响。 Monilinia SPP引起的水果腐烂。在有机生产方法下也难以控制。这种常年审判旨在确定一些旧的早期成熟樱桃品种进行有机生产的适用性。 2003年秋季，在奥地利东部的研究所研究园中种植了11种品种。他们已被嫁接在矮刀砧座甘塞拉5上，有机栽培。在2006年至2012年期间，评估产量和生长特征，以及对植物疾病和害虫（特别是樱桃果蝇造成的果鱼损伤）的敏感性，患有樱桃果实（扁平果蝇）的侵袭飞行可以在初期（5月初 - 6月初）成熟品种“早期的琉历”，'Bigarreau Burlat'，'Jaboulay'，'Marzer Kirsche'和'Merton Premier'。毕业的品种，包括“商人”，“Bigarreau Burlat VG”和“Valeska”，其成熟在六月初，是由幼虫在低于2％的市场容忍的水平已经出没，但是，在大多数年份，而很晚成熟的控制品种“SUMTARE”有大约20％的侵染水果。除了七年的评价中收集的数据，除了早期成熟的标准品种“BIGARREAU BURLAT”之外，该数据不会受到果蝇的影响，并且表现出良好的增长，产量和产量水果质量特征和良好的果实e，品种“商人”，在“伯斯特”之后大约五天时间，对叶斑（Blumeriella Jaapii R.）的敏感性低，高特异性累积产量和良好的水果尺寸适用于有机生产。随着一些限制（特定累积产量低），较早的成熟品种“BIGARREAU MOREAU”也可能对种植者感兴趣。可以推荐当地品种的无商业化生产，因为果实“因为在收获期间易感性高的机械损伤果在年降雨量或（Jaboulay'）太小（“三林·冯·Sauerbrunn” and'Marzer Kirsche）” 。

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