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Improved Economics of Ammonia-Urea Fertilizer Plants via Process Integration

机译：通过工艺整合改进了氨 - 尿布肥料植物的经济学

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Integration of the ammonia and urea process plants in a fertiliser complex appears to have the potential for significant reductions of both operating and investment costs. Several process schemes have been suggested in the past but, so far, none of them has been realized. The paper presents an alternative solution for a closer integration of the ammonia and urea process plants. It provides most of the savings in capital and operating costs which are expected from a fully integrated process scheme. In contrast to most other concepts suggested so far, the ammonia plant could still be operated without the urea plant. In the new process scheme removal of the carbon dioxide from the ammonia synthesis gas is accomplished with aqueous ammonia at syngas generation pressure. The rich solution is compressed to urea synthesis pressure and finally thermally regenerated. The high-pressure carbon dioxide is then introduced into the urea process in the usual way. The regeneration step of this process is quite energy-intensive. However, the required thermal energy can be made available via moderate modifications to the plant's steam system. A significant part of these modifications is necessary anyway due to elimination of the C02 compressor from the process scheme. Depending on the exact process parameters, small ammonia contents, typically in the order of a few percent, are present in the purified syngas and in the C02 stream to the urea synthesis. Further reductions of these ammonia contents are possible but appear to be unnecessary. The paper presents the savings in energy consumption, waste heat to cooling water system and capital cost at the example of a typical fertiliser complex.
机译：氨和尿素处理植物在肥料综合体中的整合似乎具有促进经营和投资成本的显着减少的潜力。已经在过去建议了几个过程方案，但到目前为止，他们都没有实现。本文介绍了氨和尿素处理厂的近一体化的替代解决方案。它提供了最资本和运营成本的大部分节省，这些费用预计将从完全综合的流程计划中预期。与到目前为止所建议的大多数其他概念相比，氨植物仍然可以在没有尿素植物的情况下进行操作。在新的工艺方案中，通过在合成气产生压力下通过氨水除去来自氨合成气的二氧化碳。富溶液被压制成尿素合成压力，最后热再生。然后通常以通常的方式将高压二氧化碳引入尿素过程中。该过程的再生步骤非常能密集。然而，可以通过对植物蒸汽系统的适度修改来提供所需的热能。无论如何，由于从过程方案中消除CO 2压缩机，因此必须是这些修改的重要部分。取决于精确的工艺参数，小氨含量通常为少的百分比，以纯化的合成气和CO 2流中存在于尿素合成中。进一步减少这些氨含量，但似乎是不必要的。本文介绍了能源消耗，浪费对冷却水系统的废热和典型肥料综合体的实施例中的资本成本。

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