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Ocean Energy for Ocean Worlds

机译：海洋世界的海洋能源

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Energy systems generating power from ocean waves, currents, tides, and thermal and salinity gradients are being developed to power oceanographic instrumentation and autonomous vehicles in Earth's oceans. Exploration missions enabled or extended with in-situ energy harvesting on Earth may be similar to those on extra-terrestrial ocean worlds including mapping, biogeochemical sampling, acoustic monitoring, searching for building blocks of life, and physical oceanographic characterization. With the addition of ocean energy available at the point of observation, data can be collected on larger spatial and temporal scales, enabling more comprehensive missions on other worlds. Power resource characteristics (e.g., current speed and variability) will similarly need to be assessed. Earth and extra-terrestrial ocean missions share vast technical challenges including high expense, need for advanced autonomy, ability to survive in the harshest environments, and limited communications or opportunities for intervention. Marine energy systems may be the only option for in-situ generation in certain scenarios (e.g., under a thick layer of ice) or advantageous over onboard energy storage options that may interfere with the natural environment (e.g., radioisotope thermoelectric generators). This work provides an overview of existing marine energy technology pertaining to ocean observations, highlights emerging research and development and new funding and program initiatives, explores similarities in mission requirements between terrestrial and extra-terrestrial applications, and suggests innovation pathways towards enabling high-value ocean world exploration powered by ocean energy.
机译：目前正在开发利用海浪、洋流、潮汐、热梯度和盐度梯度发电的能源系统，为海洋仪器和地球海洋中的自动运载工具提供动力。通过在地球上就地收集能量而启用或扩展的勘探任务可能与在外星海洋世界上的勘探任务类似，包括测绘、生物地球化学取样、声学监测、寻找生命的组成部分，以及物理海洋学表征。随着观测点可用海洋能量的增加，可以在更大的空间和时间尺度上收集数据，从而能够在其他世界执行更全面的任务。同样需要评估电源特性（例如，当前速度和可变性）。地球和地外海洋任务面临着巨大的技术挑战，包括高昂的费用、对高级自治的需求、在最恶劣环境中生存的能力，以及有限的通信或干预机会。在某些情况下（例如，在厚厚的冰层下），海洋能源系统可能是就地发电的唯一选择，或比可能干扰自然环境的车载储能方案（例如，放射性同位素热电发电机）更有利。这项工作概述了与海洋观测有关的现有海洋能源技术，重点介绍了新兴的研究和开发以及新的资金和项目倡议，探索了陆地和外星应用之间任务要求的相似性，并提出了实现由海洋能源驱动的高价值海洋世界探索的创新途径。

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