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A New Metric for Network Load and Equation of State

机译：网络负载和状态方程的新度量

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The performance of networks is generally estimated through characteristic indices such as delivery ratio, latency, delay, jitter and loss. Such indices depend on network parameters such as TTL, buffer size, time and load which are at times highly correlated. Factors impacting network measurements include cross traffic, architectures of intermediate nodes, complex interaction of hardware resources and protocols at various levels, as well as implementations that often involve competing and conflicting requirements. Load-balancing at an intermediate node may result in out-of-order arrivals and excessive jitter, and network congestion may manifest as packet losses or large jitter. Out-of-order arrivals, losses, and jitter in turn may lead to unnecessary retransmissions which increases the load. Network load is mainly the result of bandwidth exploited, buffer availability and processing time at intermediate nodes. Indeed, network load is a key parameter with a potentially large impact on network protocols. Besides, Network load is responsible for traffic delay and is sometime confused with congestion. In brief, load is an objective network index, whereas congestion is a subjective measurement from the perspective of a user. With the growth of the Internet in size, speed and traffic volume, and the advent of new network architectures such as MANets/DTN, understanding the impact of underlying network resources and protocols on packet delivery and application performance has assumed a critical importance. Measurements and models explaining the variation and interdependence of delivery characteristics are crucial not only for efficient operation of networks and network diagnosis, but also for developing solutions for future networks. In this paper we give an analytical definition and propose a novel metric to measure network load for mobile ad-hoc and traditional networks by means of an equation of state.
机译：通常通过特征指数估计网络的性能，例如传递比率，延迟，延迟，抖动和损耗。这样的指标依赖于网络参数，例如TTL，缓冲区大小，时间和负载，其是高度相关的。影响网络测量的因素包括交叉流量，中间节点的架构，硬件资源的复杂交互以及各个级别的协议，以及通常涉及竞争和冲突的需求的实现。中间节点的负载平衡可能导致无价值的到达和过多的抖动，并且网络拥塞可能表现为包丢失或大抖动。依次抵达，损失和抖动又可能导致不必要的重传，从而增加了负载。网络负载主要是带宽被利用，缓冲区可用性和中间节点处理时间的结果。实际上，网络负载是一个关键参数，对网络协议产生潜在的影响。此外，网络负载负责流量延迟，有时会与拥塞混淆。简而言之，负载是目标网络指数，而拥塞是从用户的角度来看的主观测量。随着互联网的增长大小，速度和交通量，以及Manets / DTN等新网络架构的出现，了解潜在的网络资源和协议对数据包传递和应用程序性能的影响，假设了至关重要的重要性。解释传递特性变化和相互依存的测量和模型对于有效的网络和网络诊断的高效运行，而且对于开发未来网络的解决方案也是至关重要的。在本文中，我们提供了一个分析定义，并提出了一种新的度量来通过状态方程来测量移动ad-hoc和传统网络的网络负载。

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