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Seed germination and early plant morphology-results from three microgravity missions

机译：种子萌发和早期植物形态 - 来自三种微匍匐特派团的结果

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Alfalfa, clover, lettuce and periwinkle seedlings were grown from seeds during five Space Shuttle missions between 1992 and 1994. Germination was initiated on orbit. Selected plants were fixed on orbit by injecting a glutaraldehyde fixative. More than 1,000 seedlings have been grown for periods ranging from 2 to 12 days. Plants were germinated under low light conditions (1 mission) and in the dark (4 missions). The seedlings grown under low light conditions showed no significant differences in accumulated fresh mass or plant geometry between flight and ground. The plumular hook had developed both for alfalfa and clover plants. Hook opening and greening of plants occurred after the seedling penetrated the Rockwool substratum and were exposed to light. Microgravity seedlings exhibited an increase in curvature and bending and some plants were "disoriented" in that the roots had grown into the air space above the growth medium. Plants grown in darkness and microgravity had overall lower mass and were smaller than the corresponding ground control samples, especially after longer growth periods (>5 days). Hypocotyl hook development proceeded normally for alfalfa and clover. In lettuce, hook formation did not occur for some plants depending on the orientation of the seed inside the substratum.
机译：在1992年至1994年间的五个航天飞机任务中，从种子中生长苜蓿，三叶草，莴苣和春季幼苗。发芽在轨道上启动。通过注射戊二醛固定剂在轨道上固定所选植物。超过1,000种幼苗在2至12天的时间内繁殖。植物在低光条件下发芽（1个任务）和黑暗（4个任务）。在低光条件下生长的幼苗显示出飞行和地之间积累的新鲜质量或植物几何形状没有显着差异。血管钩制造了苜蓿和三叶草植物。幼苗穿透岩溶下落后，植物的钩开启和绿化发生，并暴露在光线下。微枝幼苗表现出曲率和弯曲的增加，并且一些植物“迷失方向”，因为根部已生长到生长培养基上方的空气空间中。在黑暗和微疱疹中生长的植物总体较低的质量，小于相应的地面对照样品，特别是在更长的生长期（> 5天）之后。下丘脑钩开发正常进行苜蓿和三叶草。在莴苣中，一些植物的钩形成根据下皮内的种子的定向而发生。

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