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首页> 外文会议>International Workshop of the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research >Suppression of avocado anthracnose and stem-end rot pathogens by endogenous antifungal substances and a surface inhabiting Pestalotiopsis sp.
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Suppression of avocado anthracnose and stem-end rot pathogens by endogenous antifungal substances and a surface inhabiting Pestalotiopsis sp.

机译：通过内源性抗真菌物质和植物植物植物植物抑制鳄梨Anthracnose和茎末端腐病原体。

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Anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. & Sacc.) and stem-end rot (Phoma spp., Botryodiplodia theobromae and Phomopsis spp.) are recognised as major postharvest diseases in avocado fruit. The former originates from quiescent infections in the immature fruit long before harvest. When isolation of C.gloeosporioides from immature fruit skins was attempted,a surface inhabiting fungus, Pestalotiopsis neglecta, which apparently suppressed the growth of C.gloeosporioides, was often encountered. The resistance of immature avocados to anthracnose is attributed to endogenous antifungal substances in the fruit peel. Two preformed antifungal compounds were previously reported by a group in Israel. We have characterised three more antifungal compounds from the immature avocado peel: 1, 2, 4-trihydroxyheptadec-16-yne (1): 1, 2, 4-rihydroxyheptadec-16-ene (2): and 1-acetoxy-2, 4-dihydroxyheptadec-16-ene (3). These five compounds appear to constitute the total antifungal activity of the fruit peel. The most active compound against C.gloeosporioides was the diene which was twice as active as the monoene and compound (3). The additive effect of all five compounds was determined to be equivalent to about three times the antifungal activity of diene alone, particularly at the time of harvest. There was a gradual increase in concentration of the five compounds in the peel with increasing fruit maturity, and was highest when the fruit were ready to harvest. In the harvested and stored fruits the concentration declined during ripening,coinciding with the onset of anthracnose lesions. Pestalotiopsis neglecta, a non-pathogenic, surface inhabitant most commonly encountered on the avocado fruit surface, exhibited strong antagonistic properties in vitro against the major stem-end rot pathogens, Phoma spp. Application of conidia of P.neglecta on to the stem-end region of harvested avocados preinoculated with Phoma sp. delayed stem-end symptom development by 4 days when compared with the control A similar effect was not observed with B.theobromae. In vitro testing confirmed that P.neglecta was antagonistic to Phoma sp. The antagonism appears to be due to a heat-labile extracellular factor. Dipping avocado fruit in a suspension of conidia of p.neglecta delayed anthracnose and stem-end rot development.
机译：炭疽病（炭疽病菌（朋兹）朋兹。＆孢）和茎腐病（茎点霉属物种，Botryodiplodia theobromae和拟茎点霉属），确认为鳄梨果实主要采后病害。从未成熟的果实静态感染，前者源自很久之前收获。当来自未成熟果实皮C.gloeosporioides的隔离尝试，表面栖息真菌，拟盘多毛neglecta，这显然抑制C.gloeosporioides的生长，经常遇到的。未成熟的鳄梨炭疽病的电阻归因于果皮内源性抗真菌物质。两种预形成抗真菌化合物先前由在以色列的基团的报道。我们已经表征了来自三个抗真菌化合物的未成熟的鳄梨果皮：1，2，4-trihydroxyheptadec -16-炔（1）：1，2，4-rihydroxyheptadec -16-烯（2）：和1-乙酰氧基-2-， 4- dihydroxyheptadec -16-烯（3）。这五种化合物似乎以构成果皮的总的抗真菌活性。针对C.gloeosporioides最活跃的化合物是其中的两倍，活性为单烯和化合物（3）二烯。被确定为相当于约三倍二烯单独的抗真菌活性，尤其是在收获时所有五种化合物的加性效应。有在随果实成熟果皮五种化合物的浓度逐渐增加，最高时的水果准备收获。在收获和存储果实成熟过程中的浓度下降，用炭疽病病变的发作重合。拟盘多毛neglecta，非致病性，表面居民鳄梨果表面上最常遇到的，表现出体外强拮抗特性对主要干腐病的病原体，茎点霉属。 P.neglecta的分生孢子对与茎点菌属preinoculated收获鳄梨的茎端部区域中的应用。当与对照相似的效果没有用B.theobromae相比，观察4天延迟茎端症状发展。体外试验证实，P.neglecta是对立的茎点菌属。拮抗作用似乎是由于热不稳定的细胞外因素。浸渍在悬浮p.neglecta的分生孢子的鳄梨果延迟炭疽病和茎腐病的发展。

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