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Modeling Local Urban Meteorology for Smoke Obscuration

机译：建模当地城市气象烟雾遮挡

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Because of the threat of terrorism and the likely need to fight future battles in an urban environment, understanding the results of the release of toxins and smokes in an urban setting has taken on renewed emphasis. Recently the Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society (BAMS) devoted much of one issue to understanding urban dispersion. But not all urban settings are the same. Urban domains range from a few village huts to tree lined suburbia to rows of inner city residences to central city towers. What is similar is that these urban environments affect the local atmospheric temperature and wind regime. To understand the effects on urban M&S, there is a great need for urban meteorological and obscuration models that can address these local conditions efficiently. Approaching from the traditional meteorological modeling side, there are models ranging from the large synoptic weather scale on down to the mesoscale atmosphere in the one to ten kilometer grid resolution regimes. From the engineering side, there are computational fluid dynamic models that address sub-scale turbulence and wind flow at meter resolution around individual buildings. The authors describe a middle ground particularly suited to obscurants in interactive and constructive urban combat models. This paper focuses on the urban effects on winds in a model that considers the underlying urban morphology with a grid spacing of 50 to 100 meters. It considers the coupling of this wind model to a puff dispersion model for the resulting transport and diffusion of obscurants in the urban wind field. Finally, it describes efficient new algorithms for modeling EO transmission through ensembles of consolidated ellipsoidal Gaussian puffs that are manageable in number, but physically large enough that the model must account for cloud interactions with building walls.
机译：由于恐怖主义的威胁和可能需要在城市环境中打击未来战斗的可能需要，了解毒素释放的结果，并在城市环境中吸烟已经采取了重新强调。最近，美国气象学会（BAMS）的公告致力于了解城市分散的一个问题。但并非所有城市设置都是一样的。城市领域的范围从几个村庄小屋到树衬里郊区到中央城市塔的中城区。类似的是，这些城市环境影响当地大气温度和风力制度。要了解城市M＆S对城市的影响，有很大的需求可以有效地解决这些当地条件的城市气象和遮蔽模型。从传统的气象造型侧接近，有型号从大型舞台天气缩放到迈空大气层中的一到十千米电网解决方案。从工程方面，有计算流体动力学模型，用于以各个建筑物周围的仪表分辨率解决亚级湍流和风流。作者描述了一个中间地面，特别适用于互动和建设性的城市战斗模型中的蒙昧主义者。本文重点介绍了一种对潜在城市形态的模型中风的城市影响，以50至100米的网格间距。它考虑了这一风模型在城市风场中所产生的运输和扩散的浮夸分散模型。最后，它描述了有效的新算法，用于通过数量可管理的综合椭圆形高斯泡芙的集合来建模EO传输，但是该模型必须考虑与建筑墙的云相互作用。

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