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A simulation analysis of human cervical spine motion during low speed rear- end impacts

机译：低速后端冲击期间人颈椎运动的模拟分析

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The non-physiological motions of human cervical vertebrae were analyzed in volunteer tests for rear-end impacts and were considered to be an important parameter for neck injuries. The objectives of this study are to improve the Marko de Jager neck model using volunteer test data and to analyze the influence of horizontal and vertical accelerations on cervical vertebral motion. In the beginning of this study, a neck model was positioned based on X-ray cineradiography of a volunteer. Motions of each vertebra were compared with those of volunteer test data for low speed rear-end impacts (4, 6, 8 km/h). In these comparisons, the differences of vertebrae motions between the neck model and the volunteer tests were found. To improve the validity of the neck model, the connection properties and the bending properties of the upper and lower vertebrae of the model were modified to increase rigidity. Using the modified neck model, simulation analysis was performed by changing horizontal and vertical accelerations to analyze the influence of seat property on vertebrae motion. The forces caused by contact with each adjacent facet of the vertebrae, vertebra angles and vertebra rotation center relative to adjacent vertebra were calculated to evaluate the severity for the vertebrae and to analyze the motions of the vertebrae just before facet contact. It was found that the facet force and the height of rotation center were influenced not only by horizontal acceleration but also by vertical acceleration.
机译：人类颈椎非生理运动在志愿试验后端影响进行了分析和被认为是对于颈部受伤的一个重要参数。本研究的目的是使用志愿者的测试数据，以提高马尔科德雅格颈部模型并分析其对颈椎运动水平和垂直加速度的影响。在本研究开始时，颈部模型是基于对志愿者的X射线cineradiography定位。每个椎骨的运动与那些低速后端影响（4，6，8公里/小时）的志愿者的测试数据进行比较。在这些比较，发现颈部模型和志愿者试验椎骨之间运动的差异。为了提高颈部模型中，连接属性和上部的弯曲性能的有效性和下椎骨的模型的进行了修改，以增加刚性。使用修改的颈部模型，通过改变水平和垂直加速度来分析座椅特性对椎骨运动的影响进行仿真分析。引起接触与椎骨的每个相邻小面的力，椎骨的角度和椎骨旋转计算相对于相邻的椎骨中心来评估椎骨的严重程度和分析面接触的椎骨之前的动作。结果发现，在小力和旋转中心的高度不只是水平加速度也由垂直加速度的影响。

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