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Ultrasound-induced polymerization of methyl methacrylate in pressurized carbon dioxide

机译：加压二氧化碳中甲基丙烯酸甲酯的超声诱导聚合

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Ultrasound-induced cavitation is known to enhance chemical reactions as well as mass transfer rates at ambient pressures and temperatures. Up till now ultrasound was rarely studied at higher pressures, because in most cases a high static pressure hampers the growth of cavities. Recently, we have shown that pressurized carbon dioxide can be used as a medium for ultrasound-induced chemical reactions, because the static pressure is counteracted by the higher vapor pressure of carbon dioxide dioxide[1]. With the use of a dynamic bubble model, the possibility of cavitation and the resulting hot-spot formation upon bubble collapse have been predicted. These simulations show that the implosions of cavities in high-pressure fluids generate temperatures at which radicals can be formed. To validate this, radical formation and polymerization experiments have been performed in CO2-expanded methyl methacrylate. The cavitation-induced polymerizations have resulted in high-molecular weight polymers. This work emphasizes the application potential of sonochemistry for polymerization processes, as cavitation in CO2-expanded monomers has shown to be a clean and safe route to produce polymers with a controlled molecular weight.
机译：已知超声诱导的空化以增强化学反应以及环境压力和温度的传质速率。直到现在超声波很少在压力较高的压力下进行，因为在大多数情况下，高静态压力阻碍了腔的生长。最近，我们已经表明，加压二氧化碳可以用作超声诱导的化学反应的介质，因为静压被二氧化碳的蒸气压力较高[1]抵消[1]。通过使用动态气泡模型，预测了在气泡塌陷时测量的空化和所得的热点形成。这些模拟表明，高压流体中的空腔的内爆产生了可以形成自由基的温度。为了验证这一点，已在CO2-膨胀的甲基丙烯酸甲酯中进行自由基形成和聚合实验。空化诱导的聚合导致高分子量的聚合物。这项工作强调了多个体化学的应用潜力，用于聚合方法，因为CO2-膨胀的单体中的空化已经显示为制备具有受控分子量的聚合物的清洁和安全的途径。

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