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The Use of Downhole Heat Exchangers

机译：井下热交换器的使用

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The downhole heat exchanger (DHE), used extensively in Klamath Falls, Oregon, in over 500 installations, and to a large extent in Turkey and New Zealand, provides heating for one or more homes, schools, and apartment buildings from a single geothermal well. The DHE eliminates the problem of disposal of geothermal fluid, since only heat is extracted from the well. The heat exchangers consisting of a loop of pipes or tubes suspended in the geothermal well through which "clean" secondary water is pumped or allowed to circulate by natural convection. The maximum output of large installations is typically less than 2.7 x 10~(6) Btu/hr (2.9 GJ/hr or 0.80 MWt), with well depths up to about 500 ft (150 m), and may be economical under certain conditions at well depths up to 1500 ft (450 m). However, the typical maximum output for an individual residential well in Klamath Falls tends to be less than 250,000 Btu/hr (260 MJ/hr or 0.073 MWt). In order to obtain maximum output, the well must be either designed to have an open annulus between the wellbore and casing, with perforations near the top and bottom of the submerged heat exchanger--just below the water surface and at the hot aquifer at the bottom of the well, or by using a promoter pipe. Natural convection circulates the well water down inside the casing, through the lower perforations, up in the annulus and back inside the casing through the upper perforations, with the new geothermal water mixing with the old. This vertical convection cell exposes the DHE to the near maximum temperature of the well water and thus, increases the heat output of the DHE. The heat output from a DHE system is dependent on the bore diameter, casing diameter, DHE length, tube diameter, number of loops in the well, the mixing ratio, flow rate and temperature of the geothermal fluid. Based on local experience in Klamath Falls, the "rule-of-thumb" is that contractors estimate approximately "one foot of DHE pipe per 1,500 Btu/hr" (5,200 kJ/hr/m or 1.44 kW/m) as an average output.
机译：井下热交换器（DHE），在俄勒冈州Klamath Falls广泛使用，在500多个安装，以及在土耳其和新西兰的很大程度上为一个或多个家园，学校和公寓楼提供了从一个地热井。 DHE消除了地热液处理的问题，因为只能从井中提取热量。由悬浮在地热阱中的管道或管的环，通过该热交换器组成，通过该管道悬浮通过“清洁”二次水被泵送或允许通过自然对流循环。大型安装的最大输出通常小于2.7×10〜（6）BTU / HR（2.9 GJ / HR或0.80 MWT），深度深度高达约500英尺（150米），并且在某些条件下可能是经济的在井深度高达1500英尺（450米）。然而，在KLAMATH瀑布中单个住宅井的典型最大输出趋于小于250,000 BTU / HR（260mJ / HR或0.073MWt）。为了获得最大输出，井必须设计成具有井筒和套管之间的开口环，在浸没式热交换器的顶部和底部附近的穿孔 - 就在水面下方和在热含水层下方井的底部，或通过使用启动子管道。自然对流通过下部穿孔，通过上部穿孔循环循环套管内的井下水，通过上部穿孔，通过上部穿孔，与旧地热水混合。该垂直对流单元将DHE暴露于井水的近最大温度，因此增加了DHE的热输出。来自DHE系统的热量取决于孔径，套管直径，长度，管直径，井中的环数，混合比，地热流体的流速和温度。基于Klamath瀑布的当地经验，“拇指规则”是承包商估计约为平均产出的“每1,500 BTU / HR / HR / M或1.44 KW / M）的”一英尺的DHE管道“（5,200 kJ / hr / m或1.44 kW / m） 。

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