Application of recirculation systems becomes increasingly popular in aquaculture. Controllable farming conditions allow faster and safer growth of high valued species such as turbot or shrimps even in Northern Europe. Crucial in recirculation tank systems is the biofilter, in which accumulated waste products, particularly ammonia, are converted to non-toxic compounds. These biofilters are often moving bed systems with plastic carriers, which provide an ample surface for biofilms consisting of nitrifying and heterotrophic bacteria.
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