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Provision of Ancillary Services by Dispersed Generation and Demand Side Response - Needs, Barriers and Solutions

机译：通过分散的发电和需求侧反应提供辅助服务 - 需求，障碍和解决方案

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In Europe the Dispersed Generation (DG) based on renewable energy sources RES & cogeneration of heat and power CHP is mostly operated without remote control mechanisms, feeding-in a maximum possible power corresponding to the political and regulatory framework. The further increase of DG which is aligned with the goals of the European Commission will increase their share in the peak power balance up to 60% by 2010. This requires innovative approaches to keep the security and the sustainability of the power system operation. The contribution of DG to the provision of ancillary services will become mandatory. Today the Transmission System Operators (TSOs) are obliged to manage and operate the electric power transmission grids for which they rely on ancillary services procurement from the free market. The TSOs will remain responsible for the transmission system also in the future, but more and more services will be provided at the distribution level including: frequency stability with its components: primary, secondary, and tertiary control; power balancing and dispatch; voltage stability; restoration of supply after disturbances. The TSO cannot efficiently manage ancillary services provided by thousands of DG units with only a small contribution of each. Therefore, the provision of system services by DG requires innovative technical solutions in the sense of virtual power plants and new organizational and regulatory frameworks. Starting with a brief description of the potential of DG to contribute to ancillary services, the paper then describes the needs and the challenges of the DG participation in the ancillary market. The main barrier for such participation is the fixed price practice for energy from RES and CHP. An adapted model for energy prices from RES and CHP is proposed, which allows to maintain subsidizing while enabling their market participation in parallel. Finally, the needs of further development of regulatory frameworks in the European context are described.
机译：在欧洲，基于可再生能源的分散生成（DG）和热量和功率CHP的热电联产大多是在没有遥控机制的情况下运行，馈入与政治和监管框架相对应的最大可能性。与欧盟委员会目标一致的DG的进一步增加将在2010年至多60％的峰值电力平衡中增加其份额。这需要创新的方法来保持安全系统操作的安全和可持续性。 DG为提供辅助服务的贡献将成为强制性的。今天，传输系统运营商（TSOS）有义务管理和操作电力传输网格，他们依靠自由市场的辅助服务采购。 TSOS也将在未来对传输系统负责，但在分销水平上提供越来越多的服务，包括：频率稳定性，其组件：初级，二级和三级控制;电力平衡和派遣;电压稳定性;干扰后供应恢复。 TSO无法有效地管理成千上万的DG单位提供的辅助服务，只有每一个贡献。因此，DG提供系统服务需要虚拟电厂和新的组织和监管框架的创新技术解决方案。从DG潜力的简要说明开始，该文件介绍了DG参与辅助市场的需求和挑战。这些参与的主要障碍是RES和CHP的能量的固定价格实践。提出了一种适用于RES和CHP的能源价格模型，这允许维持补贴，同时支持其市场参与并行。最后，描述了在欧洲背景下进一步发展监管框架的需求。

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