DOES THE INTRODUCTION OF THE PACIFIC OYSTER CRASSOSTREA GIGAS LEAD TO SPECIES SHIFTS IN THE WADDEN SEA?

机译：Pacific Oyster Crassostrea Gigas的引入是否导致瓦登海的物种？

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Over centuries dramatic changes have occurred in the species composition of the Wadden Sea, a shallow coastal sea bordering the North Sea. Natural dynamics as well as direct and indirect anthropogenic influences have resulted in the introduction and the disappearance of important benthic populations. Historic records and extensive surveys show large variability in benthic suspension-feeder stocks. Infaunal species like the cockle (Cerastoderma edule) are extremely variable over time and space, hence show a typical resilient response. Mussel (Mytilus edulis) beds seem to be more stable over time. Once lost, mussel beds need more time to re-establish bed structures. It is hypothesized that infaunal populations have a high resilience, while epifauna species are characterized by resistance to changes as they form structures like reefs or beds. On the basis of this hypothesis the consequences of new introductions can be evaluated. It can be expected that the recent introduction of the resistant reef-building epifaunal Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, will lead to shifts in benthic suspension-feeder populations and eventually will develop a new stable state for the Wadden Sea that potentially offers less food for birds. This situation may deviate considerably from the actual nature conservation objectives that focus on the role of the Wadden Sea as one of Europe's most important wetlands for migratory bird populations.

机译：几个世纪以来，瓦登海的物种组成发生了巨大变化，浅沿海海边北海。自然动态以及直接和间接的人为影响导致了重要的底栖群体的引入和消失。历史记录和广泛的调查显示了底栖悬架饲料股的巨大变化。随着时间和空间的时隙，像鸟蛤（Cerastoderma Edule）这样的婴儿物种是极其变化的，因此显示了典型的弹性响应。贻贝（Mytilus Edulis）床似乎随着时间的推移似乎更加稳定。一旦丢失，贻贝床需要更多的时间重新建立床结构。假设婴儿群体具有高弹性，而Epifauna物种的特征在于抵抗变化，因为它们形成珊瑚礁或床等结构。在这一假设的基础上，可以评估新引入的后果。可以预期最近引入耐腐蚀珊瑚礁巨大的牡蛎克斯辛斯·克斯科斯，将导致底栖悬架饲养者群体的转变，最终将为瓦登海发育一种新的稳定状态，可能为鸟类提供更少的食物。这种情况可能偏离实际的自然保护目标，这些目标专注于瓦登海作为欧洲最重要的徒游鸟类人口湿地之一。

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来源
《NATO Advanced Research Workshop on the Comparative Roles of Suspension-feeders in Ecosystems》|2005年||共13页
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Aad Smaal; Marnix van Stralen; Johan Craeymeersch;
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中图分类海洋生物;
关键词
mussels; cockles; oysters; resistance; resilience; fishery;

机译：贻贝;鸟蛤;牡蛎;抵抗;弹性;渔业;

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2. UPLC-MS metabolomics provides insights into the differences between black-and white-shelled Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas [J] . Xi CHEN, Xiaotong WANG, Qiuyun JIANG, 中国海洋湖沼学报（英文版） . 2021,第001期
3. Relationship Between Shell Color and Growth and Survival Traits in the Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas [J] . HAN Ziqiang, LI Qi 中国海洋大学学报（英文版） . 2021,第004期
4. Polymorphism in the Ras and β-Glucosidase Genes and Their Association with Growth Traits in the Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas [J] . HAN Ziqiang, CONG Rihao, LI Qi 中国海洋大学学报（英文版） . 2021,第006期
5. bHLH genes polymorphisms and their association with growth traits in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas [J] . CHEN Na, LI Li, LI Chenghua, 中国海洋湖沼学报（英文版） . 2020,第003期
6. Organochlorine Compounds in Blue Mussels, Mytilus edulis, and Pacific Oysters, Crassostrea gigas, from Seven Sites in the Lower Saxonian Wadden Sea, Southern North Sea [J] . Dcerr Barbara, Liebezeit Gerd Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology . 2009,第6期

机译：在北萨克森州下瓦登海的七个地点发现的蓝贻贝，Mytilus edulis和太平洋牡蛎，Crassostrea gigas中的有机氯化合物
7. Organochlorine Compounds in Blue Mussels, Mytilusedulis, and Pacific Oysters, Crassostrea gigas, from Seven Sites in the Lower Saxonian Wadden Sea, Southern North Sea [J] . Barbara Dörr, Gerd Liebezeit Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology . 2009,第6期

机译：蓝贻贝，Mytilusedulis和太平洋牡蛎，Crassostrea gigas中的有机氯化合物，来自北海南部萨克森州瓦登海的七个地点
8. Ostreid herpesvirus OsHV-1 mu Var in Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas ( Thunberg 1793) of the Wadden Sea, a UNESCO world heritage site [J] . Gittenberger A., Voorbergen-Laarman M. A., Engelsma M. Y. Journal of Fish Diseases . 2016,第1期

机译：奥斯特里德Herpesvirus OSHV-1 MU VAR在太平洋牡蛎Crassostrea Gigas（Thunberg 1793）的Wadden Sea，一个联合国教科文组织世界遗产
9. DOES THE INTRODUCTION OF THE PACIFIC OYSTER CRASSOSTREA GIGAS LEAD TO SPECIES SHIFTS IN THE WADDEN SEA? [C] . Aad Smaal, Marnix van Stralen, Johan Craeymeersch NATO Advanced Research Workshop on the Comparative Roles of Suspension-feeders in Ecosystems . 2005

机译：Pacific Oyster Crassostrea Gigas的引入是否导致瓦登海的物种？
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机译：太平洋牡蛎，Crassostrea gigas（Thunberg）和Crassostrea virginica（Gmelin）或Crassostrea rivularis（Gould）之间的三倍体和二倍体种间和种间杂交。
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机译：引入太平洋牡蛎CRassOsTREa GIGas是否导致了WaDDEN sEa的物种变化？

DOES THE INTRODUCTION OF THE PACIFIC OYSTER CRASSOSTREA GIGAS LEAD TO SPECIES SHIFTS IN THE WADDEN SEA?

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