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首页> 外文会议>NATO Advanced Research Workshop on the Environmental Role of Wetlands in Headwaters >ROLE OF GRASSLAND ECOSYSTEMS IN PROTECTION OF FORESTED WETLANDS
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ROLE OF GRASSLAND ECOSYSTEMS IN PROTECTION OF FORESTED WETLANDS

机译：草地生态系统在森林湿地保护中的作用

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The Protected Headwater Area of the Jizera Mountains was proclaimed in 1978 to support the important role of local headwater catchments in water and soil conservation. However, an ecologically oriented watershed management had not been realised until 1990s. In the 1970-1980s, watersheds of the Jizera Mts. declined as a consequence of the acid atmospheric deposition (namely sulphate originate by lignite combustion), and commercial forestry practices (spruce plantations of a low stability, extensive clear-cut, heavy forest mechanisation, non-effective control of insect epidemics, and unsuccessful reforestation). Both run-off genesis and water quality in streams and reservoirs deteriorated. Particularly, the erosion of soil increased from 0.01 to 1,34 mm/year, and sediment run-off up to 30% of the soil volume eroded. In the surface waters, low pH values (4-5), high content of toxic metals (namely aluminium, 1-2 mg/l), extinction of fish and drastically reduced zooplankton, phytoplankton and benthic fauna were observed. A recent recovery of surface waters in the Jizera Mts. (an increase in mean annual pH values to 5-6, a drop in aluminium concentrations to 0.2-0.5 mg/l, successful reintroduction of brook char, Salvelinus fontinalis) results namely from the decreased air pollution (in the 1990s, the deposition of sulphate decreased to cca 40% in comparison with the year 1987), and from the stabilisation of forested wetlands by grass cover (at clear-cut areas, the leaf area index dropped from 18 to 3.5). After the clear-cut of spruce plantations, Junco effusi-Calamagrostis villosae became a new dominant community in headwater catchments of the Jizera Mts. During the period of 13 years, at the clear-cut slope of the Jizerka catchment, the composition of herb layer changed following increased moisture conditions. The Ellenberg's soil mosture index increased in each point of the investigated slope. Headwater pet-lands play an important role in fixing the free Al~(3+) in organic complexes not toxic for fish.
机译：1978年宣布了Jizera Mountains的受保护的落地区，以支持局部壁水集水区在水土系中的重要作用。然而，在20世纪90年代之前没有实现生态面向的流域管理。在1970 - 1980年代，jizera mts的流域。由于酸性大气沉积（即硫酸盐源于褐煤燃烧）的结果，和商业林业实践（云杉种植型低稳定性，广泛的清晰，森林机械化，对昆虫流行病的无效控制，以及不成功的重新造林，并且重新造林）。溪流和水库中的径流生成和水质恶化。特别是，土壤的侵蚀从0.01增加到1,34毫米/年，并且沉积物耗尽高达30％的土壤体积被侵蚀。在表面水域中，低pH值（4-5），毒性金属高含量高（即铝，1-2mg / L），鱼类灭绝，浮游植物急剧减少，浮游植物和底栖动物群。最近在jizera mts中的地表水处划。 （将平均pH值增加到5-6，铝浓度下降至0.2-0.5 mg / L，成功重新引入Brook Char，Salvelinus Fontinalis）结果即来自空气污染下降（在20世纪90年代，沉积硫酸盐与1987年相比，硫酸盐降低了40％），并通过草覆盖（在透明区域，叶面积指数从18〜3.5稳定下森林湿地稳定下降）。在云杉种植园清除后，Junco Effusi-Calamagraphostis Villosae成为Jizera MTS的下落集中的新的主导社区。在13年的时间内，在Jizerka集水区的清除斜率下，草药层的组成随着水分状况增加而改变。 Ellenberg的土壤MOTINGE指数在调查的斜率的每个点中增加。在固定鱼类中没有任何毒性的有机综合体中的游离Al〜（3+）起着重要作用。

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