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首页> 外文会议>International Epizootic Office/Food and Agriculture Organization fo the United Nations International Scientific Conference on Avian Influenza >Ecology and Epidemiology of Avian Influenza in North and South America
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Ecology and Epidemiology of Avian Influenza in North and South America

机译：北方和南美洲禽流感的生态学和流行病学

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Wild waterfowl and shorebirds are known to be the natural reservoir for influenza A viruses. Surveillance studies in waterfowl and shorebirds in North America show that influenza A viruses are repeatedly recovered from these birds. However, the virusrecovery is influenced by geography, season, age and species of birds. In addition to the natural reservoir, the live-bird marketing system (LBMS) in certain regions of the United States has been recognized as a man-made reservoir of influenza viruses and has been linked to several outbreaks of low pathogenicity avian influenza (LPAI) in poultry. Outbreaks of LPAI in commercial poultry is attributed to movement of infected birds, dirty or improperly cleaned crates, and contaminated vehicles from the LBMS to poultry farms. However, in the majority of outbreaks in poultry, the source of infection is suspected to be wild aquatic birds or the source is unknown. Since 2002, three outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) have occurred in the Americas; one each in Chile (H7N3), United States (H5N2), and Canada (H7N3). In each of these outbreaks, a precursor virus of low pathogenicity mutated to become highly pathogenic after circulating in poultry. The HPAI viruses recovered from the three outbreaks had unique molecular and phenotypic characteristics that do not conform to other known HPAI viruses. These findings emphasize the need for monitoring wild and domestic bird species for presence of influenza A viruses.
机译：众所周知，野生水禽和牛鸟是流感病毒的天然水库。北美水禽和岸鸟的监测研究表明，流感病毒反复从这些鸟类中恢复过来。然而，病毒侵蚀性受到地理，季节，年龄和鸟类种类的影响。除了天然水库之外，美国某些地区的现场鸟类营销系统（LBMS）被认为是一种人造的流感病毒储层，并与几种低致病性禽流感（LPAI）的爆发有关在家禽中。商业家禽中LPAI的爆发归因于感染鸟类，肮脏或不正确的箱包的运动，以及来自LBMS的污染车辆到家禽养殖场。然而，在家禽的大多数爆发中，怀疑感染源是野生水生鸟类，或者来源是未知的。自2002年以来，在美洲发生了三次高病原禽流感（HPAI）的爆发;每个智利（H7N3），美国（H5N2）和加拿大（H7N3）。在这些爆发中的每一个中，突变在家禽中循环后突变的低致病性的前体病毒。从三次爆发中恢复的HPAI病毒具有独特的分子和表型特征，不符合其他已知的HPAI病毒。这些调查结果强调需要监测野生和家庭鸟类的流感病毒。

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