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Affecting tooth morphology and renewal by fine-tuning the signals mediating cell and tissue interactions

机译:通过微调介导细胞和组织相互作用来影响牙齿形态和更新

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Interactions between the epithelial and mesenchymal tissue components of developing teeth regulate morphogenesis and cell differentiation, and determine key features of dentitions and individual teeth such as the number, size, shape and formation of dental hard tissues. Tissue interactions are mediated by signal molecules belonging mostly to four conserved families: transforming growth factor (TGF)p, Wnt, fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and Hedgehog. Recent work from our laboratory has demonstrated that tooth morphology and the capacity of the teeth to grow and renew can be affected by tinkering with these signal pathways in transgenic mice. The continuous growth of the mouse incisors, as well as their subdivision into the crown and root domains, is dramatically altered by modulating a network of FGF and two TGFp signals, bone mor-phogenetic protein (BMP) and Activin. This network is responsible for the regulation of the maintenance, proliferation and differentiation of epithelial stem cells that are responsible for growth and enamel production. On the other hand, the activation of the Wnt signalling pathway induces continuous renewal of mouse teeth (which normally are not replaced), resembling tooth replacement in other vertebrates. It can be concluded that the different dental characters are quite flexible and that they are regulated by the same conserved signal pathways. These findings support the suggestions that tinkering with the signal pathways is the key mechanism underlying the morphological evolution of teeth as well as other organs.
机译:显影齿的上皮和间充质组成部分之间的相互作用调节形态发生和细胞分化,并确定牙列和单个齿的关键特征,例如牙齿硬组织的数量,尺寸,形状和形成。组织相互作用由主要属于四个保守家族的信号分子介导:转化生长因子(TGF)P,WNT,成纤维细胞生长因子(FGF)和刺猬。我们实验室的最新工作表明,通过在转基因小鼠中滋补这些信号途径来影响牙齿形态和牙齿的能力。通过调节FGF和两种TGFP信号,骨Mor-Phocecy蛋白(BMP)和Activin的网络,小鼠门牙的连续生长以及它们进入表冠和根瘤的细分。该网络负责调节对原始干细胞的维护,增殖和分化负责生长和牙釉质生产。另一方面,WNT信号通路的激活诱导连续更新小鼠牙齿(通常没有被替换),类似于其他脊椎动物的牙齿更换。可以得出结论,不同的牙科角色是非常灵活的,并且它们由相同的保守信号途径调节。这些调查结果支持滋补信号途径的建议是牙齿形态学和其他器官的形态学进化的关键机制。

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