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Seasonal phenology of diamondback moth populations southern Australia

机译：澳大利亚南部的钻石尸体群体季节性候选

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In the last two decades in Australia, diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella ( L.) ( Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), has caused major problems in vegetable Brassica crops due to the increase in levels of resistance to synthetic pyrethroid insecticides. During this time, there has also been a dramatic increase in the area of non-vegetable brassicaceous plants (canola, forage brassicas and brassicaceous weeds) growing in Australia that has provided additional resources for P. xylostella. Outbreaks of P. xylostella in these areas are sporadic and appear to be primarily related to climatic conditions. In southern Australia, moths are very abundant in spring and decrease in numbers during summer. We have analysed eight years of pheromone trapping data from Victoria to quantify variations in timing of these spring moth peaks in relation to climatic conditions. The timing of the initial spring peak, using a physiological timescale, was not consistent between years. Low numbers of moths appeared to be overwintering in the crop and most spring peaks could be related to prior peaks, though on some occasions moth peaks were not derived solely from local populations. Major P. xylostella outbreaks occurred in canola production areas in Western Australia in 2000 and2001 and New South Wales in 2002. We have used climatic analyses and data from insecticide resistance assays to investigate these recent outbreaks. Clear associations between severity of outbreaks of P. xylostella with temperature and rainfall were not demonstrated. However, our analysis suggests that the canola-growing regions of Western Australia would be more prone to P. xylostella outbreaks than those in New South Wales because of the potential for a higher number of generations. In both areas, we demonstrated that the level of resistance to permethrin, a synthetic pyrethroid, had risen in P. xylostella and was a contributing factor to the difficulties that growers had in controlling the outbreaks. More long term datasets are needed to validate climatic models for eventual prediction of outbreaks of P. xylostella in Australian canola crops.
机译：在澳大利亚的最后二十年中，钻石壁蛾，Plutella Xylostella（Lepidoptera：plutellidae），由于合成拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂的耐药程度的增加，植物芸苔作物的主要问题。在此期间，在澳大利亚在澳大利亚种植的非植物野生植物（Canola，Forage Brassicas和Brassicous Weeds）的地区也具有急剧增加，该植物在澳大利亚生长，为Xalostella提供了额外的资源。这些地区的P. Xylostella爆发是散发性的，似乎主要与气候条件相关。在澳大利亚南部，飞蛾在春季非常丰富，在夏季减少数量。我们已经分析了维多利亚的八年信息素捕获数据，以量化与气候条件相关的这些春天蛾峰的时序变化。使用生理时间尺度的最初春季峰的时序在几年之间并不一致。在作物中似乎越来越多的飞蛾似乎在作物中，大多数春季峰可能与现有峰有关，但在某些情况下，蛾峰不会仅来自当地群体。 2002年西澳大利亚西澳大利亚州西澳大利亚州的甲木司蹄菌爆发发生了主要爆发。我们利用气候分析和来自杀虫剂抵抗测定的气候分析和数据来调查这些最近的爆发。不证明具有温度和降雨的P. Xylostella爆发的严重程度之间的明确关联。然而，我们的分析表明，由于几代人的潜力，西澳大利亚西澳大利亚州西澳大利亚州南部的加水库生长区域比新南威尔士州的爆发更容易发生。在这两个领域，我们证明了对丙氨酸的抗性水平，一种合成拟除虫菊酯在P.木聚糖中升起，是种植者在控制爆发时困难的贡献因素。需要更多长期数据集来验证澳大利亚油菜杂粮中P. Xylostella爆发的最终预测的气候模型。

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