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首页> 外文会议>International Symposium on Biological Control of Weeds >Field release of the rust fungus Puccinia spegazzinii to control Mikania micrantha in India: protocols and raising awareness
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Field release of the rust fungus Puccinia spegazzinii to control Mikania micrantha in India: protocols and raising awareness

机译：野外释放锈毒蕈PUCCINIA Spegazzinii在印度控制Mikania Micrantha：协议和提高意识

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Mikania weed, Mikania micrantha H.B.K., a perennial plant of neotropical origin, is a major threat to natural and plantation forests and agricultural systems in Asia and the Pacific. In India, it is a serious weed in the south-eastern and north-eastern states. The efficacy of herbicides to control mikania weed is short lived, and manual weeding is labour intensive and expensive. In this context, the rust fungus Puccinia spegazzinii de Toni, from Trinidad, shown to be highly specific and damaging to Mikania, was assessed for its control. Following a consultation process with the Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India and other local stakeholders, the rust was imported in 2004 into the quarantine facility at the National Bureau of Plant GeneticResources in New Delhi. After additional host-specificity testing, field release was permitted by the Government of India in 2005. The rust was first released in tea gardens in Assam (north-east India) in October 2005 but did not establish, most likely due to the presence of a biotype of the weed that was partially resistant to the rust pathotype used. In Kerala (south-west India), releases of the rust were initially made in agricultural systems in August 2006, followed by forest sites. These releases are now considered to be successful; the rust has spread and is persisting. This is the first instance where a fungal pathogen has been used as a biocontrol agent against an invasive alien plant in continental Asia. An awareness-raising campaign on the merits of biological control of invasive alien weeds, targeting the general public, farmers, policy makers, forest officials and the scientific community, was undertaken. The range of methods, including engaging the media, publications and demonstrations are discussed.
机译：Mikania Weed，Mikania Micrantha H.B.K.K.K.K.Ank.An，常年植物的植物植物，是对亚洲和太平洋的自然和种植林和农业系统的重大威胁。在印度，这是在东南部和东北国的严重杂草。除草剂对控制Mikania杂草的疗效是短暂的，手动除草是劳动密集型和昂贵的。在这种情况下，来自特立尼达的防锈菌普苏替昔锡Spegazziniei de Toni对Mikania进行了高度特异性和损害，得到了控制。遵循与印度农业部和其他当地利益攸关方的农业部的磋商进程，该生锈于2004年进口到新德里国家植物遗产局局局的检疫设施。经过额外的宿主特异性测试后，印度政府于2005年允许野外发布。2005年10月在阿萨姆斯（东北印度东北印度）的茶园中首次发布了该锈病，但没有建立，最有可能是由于存在杂草的生物型，其部分地抵抗使用的生锈型。在喀拉拉邦（印度西南部），2006年8月的农业系统中最初在农业系统中发布了生锈，其次是森林地点。这些版本现在被认为是成功的;铁锈已经传播并持续存在。这是第一个实例，其中真菌病原体已被用作亚洲大陆侵入式外星植物的生物控制剂。采取了提高认识的侵袭外来杂草的体情，针对公众，农民，政策制定者，森林官员和科学界的案情。讨论了方法，包括媒体，出版物和示范的方法。

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