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首页> 外文会议>Membrane technology >SWINE MANURE TREATMENT AND NUTRIENT CONCENTRATION BY NANOFILTRATION AND REVERSE OSMOSIS
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SWINE MANURE TREATMENT AND NUTRIENT CONCENTRATION BY NANOFILTRATION AND REVERSE OSMOSIS

机译：猪粪治疗和养分浓度纳米过滤和反渗透

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The performance of four nanofiltration (NF) and five reverse osmosis (RO) membranes was evaluated during the concentration of manure from a commercial farrow-to-finish swine operation. The raw manure (38.9 g/l total solids (TS)) was prefiltered through diatomaceous earth to yield a liquid fraction containing 12.3 g/l TS and 3.5 g/l total ammonia-N (TAN). Pretreated manure concentration in 24% of the initial volume with the NF membranes produced a permeate that contained between 3.0 and 7.1 g/l TS, and between 1.3 and 2.5 g/l TAN. Thus, NF could not produce water reusable in the barn. Retention by RO membranes during the concentration of pretreated manure in 46% of the initial volume ranged from 95.2% to 99.6% for TS and from 84.0% to 94.9% for TAN. Total ammonia- N retention tended to decrease with an increase in TAN level in the concentrate and a decrease in operating pressure. With the most selective RO membrane (98.75% salt retention), the permeate collected during manure concentration in 24% of the initial volume contained an average of 372 mg/l TAN and 202 mg/l TS. Permeate quality may not be sufficient for some water reuse applications, such as drinking water for animals or discharge to a water course, but the permeate could be used to fertigate adjacent fields or utilized for cleaning in all-in all-out operations. The concentrate had a high fertilizer value with approximately 8 g/l of TAN and potassium. Reverse osmosis membranes were also used as a second stage to purify NF and RO permeates. Filtering the NF pretreatment through a RO membrane did not improved final permeate quality compared to a single stage RO filtration, but the operating pressure of the RO stage could be reduced by 25% to 33%. A second filtration of the RO permeate only reduced TAN concentration in the first permeate by about 45%, because of the high pH that developed during the first stage. With all membranes, initial flux could be recovered by cleaning the system with an alkaline solution after up to 12 days of continuous pretreated manure concentration. However, RO flux decreased considerably during the concentration process due to increased osmotic pressure by the high salt level in the concentrate. Elevated pressures will be required if a high degree of manure concentration were required.
机译：在商业分娩 - 到结束猪操作的粪便浓度期间评价四种纳米滤波（NF）和五个反渗透（RO）膜的性能。通过硅藻土预热原料（38.9g / L总固体（TS）），得到含有12.3g / L Ts和3.5g / L总氨-N（TAN）的液体馏分。用NF膜的24％的预处理粪便浓度产生含有3.0-7.1g / L Ts的渗透物，1.3和2.5g / L棕褐色。因此，NF不能在谷仓中产生可重复使用的水。 RO膜在预处理粪肥中的浓度留在初始体积中的46％的浓度范围为TAN的95.2％至99.6％，棕褐色的84.0％至94.9％。总氨温度趋于降低浓缩物中的棕褐色水平的增加和操作压力下降。随着最具选择性的RO膜（98.75％的盐潴留），在初始体积的24％的粪肥中收集的渗透物平均为372mg / L TAN和202mg / L Ts。对于一些水重用应用，渗透物质可能不足以用于动物的饮用水或放电到水过程中，但渗透物可用于归因于邻近的田地或用于清洁在全能的全外操作中。浓缩物具有高肥料值，具有约8g / L的棕褐色和钾。反渗透膜也被用作纯化NF和RO渗透物的第二阶段。与单级RO过滤相比，通过RO膜过滤NF预处理并未改善最终渗透物质，但RO阶段的操作压力可以减少25％至33％。由于在第一阶段开发的高pH值，再渗透物的第二次过滤仅将第一次渗透物中的棕褐色浓度降低约45％。通过所有膜，可以通过在连续预处理粪肥浓度的最多12天后用碱性溶液清洁系统来回收初始通量。然而，由于浓缩物中的高盐水平增加，RO助熔剂在浓度过程中显着降低。如果需要高度的粪便浓度，则需要升高的压力。

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