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Evolution of cover system design and waste rock management at a mine in the Pilbara region of Western Australia

机译：西澳大利亚Pilbara地区封面系统设计与废弃岩石管理的演变

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Since 1995, cover system designs and waste rock management plans have been developed for the waste rock dumps (WRDs) at a mine in the Pilbara region of Western Australia. A major component has been investigation of acid metalliferous drainage (AMD) from the WRDs and development of management strategies to limit impacts to receiving environments. The site's management strategies have focused on cover system design as well as landform and watershed designs. WRD landform design, and associated cover system design, has evolved several times since 1995. This has occurred in response to evolution of the conceptual models that have been developed at the site with respect to the mechanisms, and the controls on those mechanisms, resulting in AMD. The information gathered over a period of 15 years led to changes in the conceptual model.Prior to 1995, AMD was thought to be, in general, a 'non-issue' in arid environments similar to the Pilbara region. However, in 1995, the first appearance of AMD at the site occurred in response to a major cyclone. The first conceptual model for cover system performance was developed in 1995 with the main aim of limiting net percolation (NP) to the underlying WRD. This design was a 'simple' cover system that used the 'moisture store-and-release' concept, relying on evaporation to cycle moisture back to the atmosphere and a hummocky surface to limit runoff and runoff-induced erosion. At that time, no vegetation was included in the conceptual model as it was considered that bare surface evaporation would be sufficient. The conceptual model for cover system performance has evolved since 1996. The model still utilises the 'moisture store-and-release' concept; however, incorporating cover construction QA/QC, optimising transpiration through sustainable vegetation, and managing runoff through catchment design have been refined and incorporated into full-scale WRDs.
机译：自1995年以来，在西澳大利亚州西澳大利亚皮尔巴拉地区的矿井垃圾堆（WRDS）开发了覆盖系统设计和废弃岩石管理计划。从WRD的WRD和管理策略的发展中，一项主要组成部分已经调查了酸性算法的排水（AMD），以限制对接收环境的影响。该网站的管理策略专注于覆盖系统设计以及地貌和流域设计。自1995年以来，WRD地貌设计和相关封面系统设计已经发展了几次。这发生了响应于在该机制上在该机制开发的概念模型的演变，并导致对这些机制的控制来响应概念模型的演变。 amd。收集的信息在15年内导致概念模型的变化.PRORIAG致1995年，AMD被认为是在与Pilbara地区类似的干旱环境中的“非问题”。然而，在1995年，在遗址上的第一个出现的AMD出现响应主要的旋风。封面系统性能的第一个概念模型于1995年开发，主要目的是将净渗透（NP）限制为底层WRD。这种设计是一种使用“湿度储存和释放”概念的“简单”封面系统，依靠蒸发来循环水分回到大气层和拔管表面以限制径流和径流引起的侵蚀。那时，概念模型中没有包括植被，因为认为裸表面蒸发是足够的。自1996年以来，封面系统性能的概念模型已经进化。该模型仍然利用“湿度储存和释放”概念;然而，通过可持续植被优化覆盖率，并通过集水设计进行耗材优化蒸腾，并通过集水设计进行了精制和纳入满量程的WRD。

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