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首页> 外文会议>International Conference on Mine Closure >Defining an approach for contaminated land management in the context of mine reclamation in the historic Comstock mining district, Nevada, USA
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Defining an approach for contaminated land management in the context of mine reclamation in the historic Comstock mining district, Nevada, USA

机译：美国历史悠久的矿山矿业地区矿山垦区背景下的污染土地管理方法

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Many abandoned mine sites are characterised by elevated concentrations of environmentally sensitive elements such as arsenic, lead and mercury that can cause contamination of surrounding soil and water resources and may have associated ecological and health impacts. Often these sites have important historic and cultural values that require access to be maintained, despite potential toxicity of the waste. Detailed site characterisation is therefore essential to ensure implementation of appropriate management measures and prevent potential impact to receptors. This paper presents an approach to evaluating potential environmental impacts in a historically important mining district, the Comstock gold and silver mining district in Nevada, USA. For this site, geochemical soil surveys demonstrate elevated levels of arsenic, lead and mercury that are influenced by anomalous geological background concentrations connected to bedrock mineralisation, placement of mineralised waste rock and element redistribution around sites of mineral processing. The goal of the data evaluation is to develop screening levels against which geochemical data could be compared and classified for purposes of management of the materials on-site. A common approach for contaminated land is the application of normal probability plots. However, where materials have been influenced by different processes (e.g., hydrothermal mineralisation, supergene weathering, mining and processing), the inherent differences in these materials may mask or overshadow geochemical anomalies and such an approach is flawed. In order to compensate for these differences, a site-specific mineralogical and uni-variant statistical approach has been applied. This approach can be used as an initial (Tier 1) screening tool to isolate undisturbed mineralised outcrop from disturbed areas or mine waste. Further evaluation of the geochemical data can then be undertaken as part of a Tier 2 assessment, including an assessment of contaminant bioavailability and leachability using selective extraction and physiologically based extraction tests. A Tier 3 assess would then involve the employment of geochemical predictive calculations to determine the potential of contaminants to disseminate in the environment. In this way, the areas demarked as having potential to impact the environment and interact with a receptor can be identified and appropriate management strategies implemented. This approach has the benefit of controlling costs and protecting the Cultural value of historic mining areas while still allowing protection of the environment and mitigation of potential future environmental impacts.
机译：许多废弃的矿山的特征在于环境敏感元素的浓度升高，例如砷，铅和汞，可能导致周围的土壤和水资源污染，并且可能具有相关的生态和健康影响。这些网站通常具有重要的历史和文化价值，这些价值观需要维持才能维持，尽管浪费毒性毒性。因此，详细的场地表征对于确保实施适当的管理措施并防止对受体的潜在影响是必不可少的。本文提出了一种评估历史上重要的矿区，美国内华达州古代重要的矿区潜在环境影响的方法。对于该网站，地球化学土壤调查证明了砷，铅和汞的升高，受到与基岩矿化的异常地质背景浓度影响，矿化废弃物岩石和元素再分布在矿物加工部位周围的矿物化岩石和元素再分配。数据评估的目标是开发筛选水平，以便在现场管理材料的目的进行地球化学数据和分类。污染土地的常见方法是施加正常概率图。然而，其中材料受到不同方法的影响（例如，水热矿化，叠加耐候，采矿和加工），这些材料的固有差异可能掩盖或掩盖地球化学异常，这种方法存在缺陷。为了弥补这些差异，已经应用了特定于地的矿物学和UNI - 变体统计方法。这种方法可以用作初始（第1级）筛选工具，以将不受干扰的矿化剥离从受干扰的区域或矿井废物隔离。然后可以将地球化学数据的进一步评估作为一级评估的一部分进行，包括使用选择性提取和基于生理基于的提取测试评估污染物生物利用度和渗透性的评估。第3层评估将涉及地球化学预测计算的就业，以确定污染物在环境中传播的潜力。以这种方式，可以确定贬低具有影响环境和与受体互动的可能性的区域，并实施了适当的管理策略。这种方法有利于控制成本和保护历史矿区的文化价值，同时仍可保护环境和减轻潜在未来的环境影响。

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