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首页> 外文会议>NATO advanced research workshop on coupled site and soil-structure interaction effects with application to seismic risk mitigation >THE NATURE OF SITE RESPONSE DURING EARTHQUAKES
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THE NATURE OF SITE RESPONSE DURING EARTHQUAKES

机译：地震过程中的现场反应性质

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The traditional approach for empirical scaling of the amplitudes of strong earthquake ground motion revolves around the linear representation of the amplification of seismic waves when they propagate through soft surface sediments and soil. However, in the near field, when the amplitudes of shaking become large, the soil experiences nonlinear strains, and tensile cracks, fissures, and pounding zones form, resulting in highly nonlinear response characteristics. This means that the characteristic site response, and the patterns of amplifications measured via small earthquake records, or by analysis of microtremors, will disappear, departing from the linear amplification characteristics completely. This leads to chaos and creates a problem for seismic zoning because the nonlinear response is strongly dependent upon the amplitudes and on the time history of shaking, so that it becomes virtually impossible to predict the distribution of amplification from the local site conditions. If we assume that the observed damage distribution is a useful indication of the distribution and of the nature of shaking amplitudes, we can conduct a full-scale experiment every time a moderate or large earthquake leads to some damage. Analyses of these patterns, combined with detailed maps of the properties of the soil and of surface geology, suggest that there are reappearing patterns of nonlinear site response from one earthquake to the next. We show one such example for two earthquakes in the Los Angeles metropolitan area. This example implies that the relative movement along the boundaries of the blocks of soil, and along the cracks formed by previous strong shaking, may recur during future earthquakes. The implication is significant for all engineering analyses of response and for engineering design in the near field because it means that in the vicinity of these cracks the complexity of strong shaking is further increased by large differential motions and by large transient and permanent strains and tilts.
机译：通过软面沉积物和土壤繁殖时，强烈地震地面运动幅度的经验缩放的经验缩放的经验缩放方法围绕着地震波的放大的线性表示。然而，在近场中，当摇动的幅度变大时，土壤经历非线性菌株，裂缝，裂缝，裂缝和砰砰声带，导致高度非线性响应特性。这意味着通过小地震记录测量的特征现场响应以及通过小地震记录测量的扩增模式，或者通过微调分析将消失，完全脱离线性放大特性。这导致混乱并为地震区划产生问题，因为非线性响应强烈依赖于振荡和摇动时间历史，因此几乎不可能预测来自局部地点条件的扩增分布。如果我们假设观察到的损伤分布是分布的有用指示和摇晃幅度的性质，我们可以每次中等或大地震导致一些损坏时进行全尺寸实验。这些模式的分析与土壤和表面地质的性质的详细地图相结合，表明从一个地震到下一个地震的非线性部位响应的重新出现模式。我们展示了洛杉矶大都市区的两次地震的一个例子。该示例意味着沿着土壤块的边界和沿着先前强烈摇动形成的裂缝的相对运动可能在未来地震期间重复。对于近场的所有工程分析以及近场的工程设计来说，这意味着它意味着在这些裂缝附近，通过大的差动运动和大的瞬态和永久性菌株和倾斜，进一步增加了强烈振荡的复杂性。

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