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首页> 外文会议>Symposium on Risk Assessment of Phytochemicals in Food: Novel Approaches >BfR Risk Assessment of Alkaloids as Ingredients and Contaminants of Food: Quinine, Opium Alkaloids, and Senecio Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids
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BfR Risk Assessment of Alkaloids as Ingredients and Contaminants of Food: Quinine, Opium Alkaloids, and Senecio Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids

机译：BFR风险评估生物碱作为食品的成分和污染物：奎宁，鸦片生物碱和肠染料吡咯氨酸生物碱

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摘要

Three examples for risk assessment approaches concerning the occurrence of alkaloids in food are presented: Quinine, the principal alkaloid of cinchona bark (Cinchonae cortex), the dried bark of Cinchona pubescens, Vahl (synonym: Cinchona succirubra, Pavon), was evaluated as component of hitter soft drinks. The opium alkaloids morphine, codeine, papaverine, noscapine and thebaine have been evaluated as contaminants of poppy seeds from Papaver somniferum L. Leaves and flowers of Senecio vulgaris L. containing the unsaturated pyrrolizi-dine alkaloids senecionine, seneciphylline, retrorsine and riddeliinc have been assessed as contaminants of a mixed salad. Regarding quinine consumption of larger amounts can constitute a health problem for certain susceptible consum-er groups. BM sees risks in particular when quinine is consumed during preg-nancy. In respect of morphine BM recommends that a "provisional daily upper intake level" of 6.3 microgram morphine per kilogram body weight per day should not be exceeded. With regard to S. vulgaris L. its major components are cyclic diesters of pyrrolizidine alkaloids unsaturated in the 1,2 bond with a high liver toxic and carcinogenic potential for which no threshold can be assumed. Contamination of food with these compounds should be as low as reasonably achievable.
机译：提出了关于食品中生物碱的风险评估方法的三种例子：奎宁，Cinchona Bark（Cinchonae Cortex），Cinchona Pubescens的干酪，Vahl（同义词：Cinchona Succirubra，Pavon）被评估为组件击球手软饮料。已评估鸦片生物碱，可待因，罂粟碱，鼻腔和贝纳，作为来自罂粟种子的罂粟种子污染物，Somnniferum L. SeNecio Vulgaris L.含有不饱和的吡咯嗪 - 浓生物碱肠道，Seneciphline，逆血和riddeliinc的叶和花朵已经评估作为混合沙拉的污染物。关于大量的奎宁消费可以构成某些易受影响的消费者群体的健康问题。当在Preg-nancy期间消耗奎宁时，BM特别看到风险。关于吗啡BM建议不超过每千克每天每公斤体重的“临时日上部进气水平”。关于Vulgaris L.其主要成分是在1,2键在1,2键中不饱和的吡咯烷类生物碱的环状二酯，其毒性有毒和致癌电位，不能假设阈值。用这些化合物的食物污染应与合理可取的一样低。

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