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首页> 外文会议>European Offshore Wind Conference and Exhibition >'How much is enough?' Determining adequate levels of environmental compensation for wind power impacts using equivalency analysis: An illustrative hypothetical case study of sea eagle impacts at the Smola Wind Farm, Norway
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'How much is enough?' Determining adequate levels of environmental compensation for wind power impacts using equivalency analysis: An illustrative hypothetical case study of sea eagle impacts at the Smola Wind Farm, Norway

机译：“多少钱？”使用等效分析确定风电影响的适当环境补偿水平：挪威Smola风电场海鹰影响的说明性和假设案例研究

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摘要

Environmental considerations at wind power developments require avoidance and mitigation of environmental impacts through proper citing, operational constraints, etc. However, some impacts are unavoidable for otherwise socially-beneficial projects. Criteria for Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) suggest that compensation be provided for unavoidable or residual impacts on species and/or habitat from wind power development. Current environmental compensation schemes for wind power fail to demonstrate a connection between the expected ecological damage and the ecological gains through restoration. The EU-funded REMEDE project developed quantitative methods known as "equivalency analysis" to assist Member States in implementing EU Directives that require scaling of environmental compensation. This study provides a transparent framework for estimating compensation at wind facilities based on the REMEDE approach. We illustrate the approach with a hypothetical case study involving sea eagle impacts at the Smola Wind Farm (Norway). Our study assumes measures be will implemented to alleviate future impacts on the eagle population but that an interim loss of resources to the public remains. We illustrate how one could quantify the damage (debit) from sea eagle turbine collisions. A potentially-promising compensatory project that reduces eagle mortality from power line electrocution is suggested to generate the environmental gains (credit), which is quantified using hypothetical data. Pending completion of on-going research, this framework could be applied with actual data to inform future compensation at Smola. The framework is generalizable to on- and off-shore wind development but requires targeted and thoughtful data collection. Importantly, compensation should not be used disingenuously to justify otherwise environmentally costly projects.
机译：风电发展的环境考虑因素需要避免和减轻环境影响，通过适当的引用，运作的限制等。然而，对于其他社会有益的项目，一些影响是不可避免的。环境影响评估标准（EIA）表明，为风力发展的物种和/或栖息地提供不可避免或剩余影响的赔偿。风电的当前环境补偿计划未能证明预期生态损害与生态收益之间的联系。欧盟资助的REMEDE项目开发了称为“等效分析”的定量方法，以协助成员国实施需要扩大环境赔偿的欧盟指令。本研究提供了一种透明框架，用于基于REMEDE方法估算风电场补偿的框架。我们说明了涉及海鹰影响的假设案例研究，涉及Smola风电场（挪威）。我们的研究假定措施将实施，以减轻对鹰人口的未来影响，而是对公众的临时资源损失。我们说明了如何量化海鹰涡轮机碰撞的损害（借记）。建议从电源线电局降低鹰死亡率的潜在承诺的补偿项目，以产生使用假设数据量化的环境收益（信贷）。完成持续研究完成后，本框架可以应用实际数据，以告知Smola的未来赔偿。该框架是宽敞的风力发展，但需要有针对性和周到的数据收集。重要的是，不应滥用补偿，以证明其他环境昂贵的项目。

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