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首页> 外文会议>Darwin 200 Beijing International Conference >The Effects of Flower Color Transitions on Diversification Rates in Morning Glories (Ipomoea subg. Quamoclit, Convolvulaceae)
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The Effects of Flower Color Transitions on Diversification Rates in Morning Glories (Ipomoea subg. Quamoclit, Convolvulaceae)

机译：花色过渡对晨曦中多元化率的影响（IPOMOEA Subg。Quamoclit，Convolvulaceae）

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As in many clades of flowering plants, the Quamoclit clade of morning glories (Ipomoea subgenus Quamoclit) exhibits unequal proportions of different flower colors, with pigmented species outnum-bering unpigmented species by nearly a factor of 7. We examined three possible macroevolutionary explanations for this pattern: (1) asymmetric transition rates between pigmented and unpigmented flowers; (2) low transition rates preventing the flower colors from reaching equilibrium; and (3) dif-ferential diversification. In order to discriminate among these explanations, we employ the newly-developed Binary-State Speciation and Extinction (BiSSE) model, which jointly estimates transition rates among states and the speciation and extinction rates in each state. Using maximum likelihood and Bayesian BiSSE estimation, we find no evidence for asymmetrical transition rates. Also, BiSSE simulations of character evolution demonstrate that there is sufficient time for the estimated transi-tion rates to produce as many or even more white species than we observe in Quamoclit, suggesting that low-transition rates do not fully account for the paucity of white species. In contrast, we find support for the differential diversification hypothesis with the rate of speciation in pigmented line-ages estimated as three-fold greater than the rate in unpigmented lineages. Our analyses thus indicate the low frequency of white-flowered morning glory species is due largely to lineage selection. Our analysis also suggests that estimating character transition rates without simultaneously estimating speciation and extinction rates can lead to greatly biased estimates of transition rates.
机译：与花卉植物的许多人一样，早晨辉煌的Quamoclit曲线（Ipomoea subgenus Quamoclit）表现出不平等的不同花色的比例，用颜料物种前哨不可珍化的物种。我们检查了三个可能的宏观调整解释图案：（1）着色和未简化的花朵之间的不对称过渡率; （2）低过渡率，防止花色达到平衡; （3）差异多样化。为了区分这些解释，我们采用了新开发的二进制国化和灭绝（BISSE）模型，该模型共同估计各国之间的转型率和各国的灭绝率。使用最大可能性和贝叶斯偏见估计，我们没有发现不对称过渡率的证据。此外，人物演进的思想模拟表明，估计的转发率有足够的时间，以产生比我们在Quamoclit中观察到的许多或甚至更多的白色物种，这表明低过渡率没有完全占白人缺乏的缺乏物种。相比之下，我们发现对差异多样化假设的支持，用颜料的线段的形态率估计为3倍，比未简化的谱系的速率大。因此，我们的分析表明白花早晨辉煌物种的低频主要是由于谱系选择。我们的分析还表明，估计角色过渡率而不同时估算物业和灭绝率可能导致过渡率大大偏见。

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