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首页> 外文会议>Royal Tyrrell Museum Ceratopsian Symposium >Comments on the Basicranium and Palate of Basal Ceratopsians
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Comments on the Basicranium and Palate of Basal Ceratopsians

机译：关于基础展示碱的碱性和腭裂

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THE ANATOMY OF BASAL ceratopsians has been studied for more than eight decades, but certain anatomical regions of the skull have been neglected due to problems of preservation and especially of preparation. In the past decade many new specimens of basal ceratopsians, including both psittacosaurids and basal neoceratopsians, have been discovered in China, and a number of new taxa have been described. Although the Jehol fauna is justifiably famous for its feathered theropods and birds, it is also the source of important psittacosaurid material, especially Psittacosaurus lujiatunensis and Hongshanosaurus houi, and basal neoceratopsians such as Liaoceratops yanzigouensis. The excellent preservation and preparation of this fossil material now allows for new detailed studies. We present the first detailed descriptions of the palate and basicranium of selected basal ceratopsians. A striking contrast is found between psittacosaurids and basal neoceratopsians in these regions. In caudal view the basioccipital of psittacosaurids is bilobate, while that of basal neoceratopsians is quadrilateral. The basioccipital-basisphenoid synchondrosis is exposed ventrally in psittacosaurids and is covered by the pterygoids in basal neoceratopsians. In psittacosaurids the basipterygoid processes of the sphenoid are long and directed rostrally, while those of basal neoceratopsians are shorter and directed ventrally or ventrolaterally. The central plate of the pterygoid of psittacosaurids is rostral in position at the midlength of the skull and the median joint is short, while the central plate of this element in basal neoceratopsians is caudally positioned with an elongate median joint. In psittacosaurids the vomer is nearly horizontal. The conspicuous choanae are very large, and open ventrally into the roof of the oral cavity. Air flow through the dorsally positioned naris into the nasal cavity is predominantly vertical. In basal neoceratopsians the vomer is inclined caudodorsally. The choanae are reduced to slits at the rostral end of the oral cavity, and are difficult to view due to their steep inclination. The air flow through the nasal cavity is much more nearly horizontal. Psittacosaurids exhibit a large number of autapomorphies in the nasal cavity. These and other related features add characters that provide us with new data that help us to understand the evolution of the Ceratopsia.
机译：基础教师的解剖学已经研究超过八十年，但由于保存问题，特别是准备，头骨的某些解剖区域被忽略。在过去的十年中，在中国发现了许多基础教育人士，包括鹦鹉螺龙和基础新杂交人的新标本，并在中国发现了许多新的征集。虽然Jehol Fauna合作享有其羽毛的Theropods和鸟类，但它也是重要的Psittacosaurid材料的来源，尤其是Psittacosaurus Lujiaturensis和Hongshanosaurus Houi，以及Liaoceratops Yanzigouensis等基底艺术人员。这种化石材料的优异保存和制备现在允许新的详细研究。我们介绍了选定的基础Ceratopsians的口感和碱碱的第一个详细描述。在这些地区的Psittacosahaurids和基底瘤瘤之间发现了一个引人注目的对比。在尾视图中，Psittacosaurids的Basioccipital是Bilobate，而基础雷诺人为人则是四边形。 Basioccipital-Bitient-Birity-inducidrosis在psittacosaurids中介面暴露，并且由基底瘤的翼状胬肉覆盖。在psittacosaharids中，蝶形骨瓣的骨盆工艺长而导致的主轴，而基础淋巴细胞瘤的那些是较短的腹侧或呼吸主义的。 Psittacosaurids的翼状胬肉的中心板位于颅骨中长度的位置，中值接头短，而基底艺术人员中的该元素的中心板尾状板均持续定位。在psittacosaurids中，vomer几乎是水平的。显着的Choanae非常大，腹腔孔口孔口。空气流过背面定位的Naris进入鼻腔，主要是垂直。在基础造物上，QOMERATELATLELLY倾斜。 Choanae减小到口腔的振动圈的狭缝，并且由于它们的陡峭倾斜而难以观察。通过鼻腔的空气流动得多几乎水平。 Psittacosaurids在鼻腔中表现出大量的自身形态。这些和其他相关的功能添加了为我们提供新数据的字符，帮助我们了解Ceratopsia的演变。

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