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首页> 外文会议>SPIE Conference on Biomedical Applications in Molecular, Structural, and Functional Imaging >Rebuilding the Injured Brain: Use of MRS in Clinical RegenerativeMedicine
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Rebuilding the Injured Brain: Use of MRS in Clinical RegenerativeMedicine

机译：重建受伤的脑：在临床再生医学中使用MS

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Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE) is the brain manifestation of systemic asphyxia that occurs in 20 out of 1000 births. HIE triggers an immediate neuronal and glial injury leading to necrosis secondary to cellular edema and lysis. Because of this destructive neuronal injury, up to 25% of neonates exhibit severe permanent neuropsychological handicaps in the form of cerebral palsy, with or without associated mental retardation, learning disabilities, or epilepsy. Due to the devastating consequences of HIE, much research has focused on interrupting the cascade of events triggered by HIE. To date, none of these therapies, with the exception of hypothermia, have been successful in the clinical environment. Even in the case of hypothermia, only neonates with mild to moderate HIE respond to therapy. Stem cell therapy offers an attractive potential treatment for HIE. The ability to replace necrotic cells with functional cells could limit the degree of long-term neurological deficits. The neonatal brain offers a unique milieu for stem cell therapy due to its overall plasticity and the continued division of cells in the sub-ventricular zones. New powerful imaging tools allow researchers to track stem cells in vivo post-transplant, as shown in Figure 1. However, neuroimaging still leaves numerous questions unresolved: How can we identify stem cells without using tracking agents, what cells types are destroyed in the brain post injury? What is the final phenotypic fate of transplanted cells? Are the transplanted cells still viable? Do the transplanted cells spare endogenous neuronal tissue? We hypothesize that magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), a broadly used clinical technique that can be performed at the time of a standard MRI scan, can provide answers to these questions when coupled with advanced computational approaches. MRS is widely available clinically, and is a relative measure of different metabolites within the sampled area. These measures are presented as a series of peaks at a particular bandwidth that corresponds to an individual metabolite, such as lactate or creatine, as shown in Figure 2. Currently, the data are only subjectively interpreted by a neuro-radiologist, but hold great potential if they were analyzed in a more objective manner. The overall purpose of the research described here is to develop pattern recognition algorithms for MRS data as a means to detect novel biomarkers or fingerprints of stem cells. Once identified, this technique will be used to identify in vivo transplanted stem cells within the brain.
机译：缺氧缺血性脑病（HIE）是发生在20出1000名出生窒息全身的大脑表现。 HIE会立即触发神经元和神经胶质损伤导致坏死继发于细胞水肿及裂解。由于这种破坏性的神经元损伤，新生儿高达25％，表现出严重的永久性神经心理障碍脑瘫的形式，伴有或不伴有智力低下，学习障碍，或癫痫。由于HIE的灾难性后果，很多研究都集中在中断由HIE触发事件的级联。到目前为止，还没有这些疗法，用低温外，已在临床环境中取得了成功。即使在低温的情况下，只有轻度新生儿中度HIE到治疗的反应。干细胞疗法提供了HIE一个有吸引力的潜在治疗。与功能细胞替换坏死的细胞的能力可能会限制长期的神经功能缺损的程度。新生儿大脑提供了干细胞治疗的独特环境，由于其整体的可塑性和子心室区细胞继续分裂。新的功能强大的成像工具使研究人员能够追踪干细胞在体内移植后，如图1。然而，影像学仍有许多问题尚未解决：我们如何识别干细胞，而不使用跟踪代理，什么类型的细胞被破坏的大脑伤后？什么是移植细胞的表型的最终命运？是移植的细胞仍是活的？做移植的细胞内源性备用神经组织？我们推测，磁共振波谱分析（MRS），可在一个标准的MRI扫描的时间来进行广泛使用的临床技术，可以在与先进的计算方法耦合到这些问题提供答案。 MRS是广泛可用的临床，并且是所采样的区域之内的不同代谢物的相对量度。这些措施被呈现为一系列峰中的一个特定的带宽对应于一个单独的代谢物，如乳酸盐或肌酸，在图2中目前，数据仅由主观一个神经放射学专家解释为示出，但有着巨大的潜力如果他们在一个更客观地进行分析。该研究的总体目的这里描述是开发模式识别算法用于MRS数据，以检测生物标志物的新或干细胞的指纹的装置。一旦被识别，该技术将被用于到大脑内识别在体内移植的干细胞。

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