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首页> 外文会议>Symposium on environmental distribution degradation, and mobility of explosive and propellant compounds >The Fate of Nitroaromatic (TNT) and Nitramine (RDX and HMX) Explosive Residues in the Presence of Pure Metal Oxides
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The Fate of Nitroaromatic (TNT) and Nitramine (RDX and HMX) Explosive Residues in the Presence of Pure Metal Oxides

机译：纯金属氧化物存在下硝基芳族（TNT）和硝基（RDX和HMX）爆炸残留物的命运

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Packed beds of six different, granular, pure, metal oxide phases were loaded with explosives through controlled proximal detonation of Composition B. Composition B contains the commonly used explosives 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), and octahydro 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX). The metal oxides examined include magnetite (Fe_3O_4; Fe[II] and 2Fe[III]), two different hematites (Fe_2O_3; Fe[III]), manganese oxide (MnO; Mn[II]), pyrolusite (MnO_2; Mn[IV]), and aluminum oxide (Al_2O_3; Al[III]). These metal oxides were selected because of their potential to promote reductive transformation of explosive compounds. Following detonation subsamples of surficial and bulk metal oxides were mixed in aqueous batches using ultraclean water and monitored for TNT, RDX, HMX, 2ADNT, and 4ADNT concentrations for 149 days. Our results suggest that, even with highly controlled detonations, the explosive residues are heterogeneously loaded to the pure mineral phases. A logarithmic equation provides the best-fit description of the temporal trends in explosive analyte concentrations in the aqueous batches. RDX behaves more conservatively than TNT but does exhibit some loss from solution over time. Batches containing detonated magnetite and manganese oxide yielded the greatest loss of TNT, RDX, and HMX from solution and the highest 2ADNT and 4ADNT concentrations in the mineral material at the end of the batch experiments. These two batches also yielded the highest concentrations of the nitroso transformation products of RDX. This result suggests that reduced valence Fe and Mn metals promote explosive compound transformation, likely serving as a source of electrons for reductive transformation.
机译：通过控制组合物B的近端爆炸加载六种不同，颗粒状，纯金属氧化物相的填充床。组合物B含有常用的爆炸物2,4,6-三硝基甲苯（TNT），六羟基-1,3,5 -triinitro-1,3,5-三嗪（RDx）和八烷基钕1,3,5,7-四硝基-1,3,5,7-四氮杂烩（HMX）。所检查的金属氧化物包括磁铁矿（Fe_3O_4; Fe [II]和2Fe]），两种不同的血液（Fe_2O_3; Fe [III]），氧化锰（MnO; Mn [II]），聚溶胶（MnO_2; Mn [IV ]）和氧化铝（Al_2O_3; AL [III]）。选择这些金属氧化物是因为它们促进爆炸性化合物的还原转化。在使用超级水分中使用超级水分和批量金属氧化物的爆轰归料，并使用超级水进行干燥，并监测TNT，RDX，HMX，2ADNT和4ADNT浓度为149天。我们的研究结果表明，即使具有高度控制的爆炸，爆炸物残留物也是异质的矿物相。对数方程提供了脂肪分析物浓度在含水批次中的时间趋势的最佳描述。 RDX的行为比TNT更保守，但随着时间的推移表现出一些损失。含有爆炸磁铁矿和氧化锰的批次产生了来自溶液的溶液和最高的2AdNT和4AdnT浓度在分批实验结束时获得的最大TNT，RDX和HMX。这两种批次还产生了RDX的最高浓度的亚硝基转化产物。该结果表明，降低价Fe和Mn金属促进爆炸性化合物转化，可能是用于还原转化的电子来源。

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