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EVALUATING TRANSIENT ELECTROMAGNETIC DATA IN A HIGH NOISE ENVIRONMENT

机译：评估高噪声环境中的瞬态电磁数据

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In 2011, the Summer of Applied Geophysical Experience (SAGE) students acquired transient electromagnetic (TEM) sounding data at 20 sites in the Caja del Rio (CDR) area, west of Santa Fe, New Mexico to assess groundwater conditions and the potential for future geophysical work. The CDR area is reported to have geothermal potential, so TEM data were collected to constrain the structure and water quality of the local aquifer. Unfortunately, the CDR survey area also has multiple noise sources present including a power transmission substation, a series of high-voltage transmission lines, and gas and water pipelines. It is necessary to assess the impact of the noise sources on TEM data from study areas like the CDR before inverting and interpreting the data. We analyzed the maximum amplitude of background noise relative to the measured transient decay and used the deviation of the sounding response from a power-law decay to empirically estimate the extent of electromagnetic (EM) coupling to anthropogenic structures at each site along the profile. The theoretical effects of EM coupling as a function of distance were also calculated for an infinite line source. A correlation between potential noise sources and measured background noise was found, but no evidence of EM coupling was observed in the data, which we attribute to the conductive environment and relatively small transmitter loop size. In a more resistive environment the background noise would have been more problematic and a larger transmitter moment would increase coupling with the infrastructure. Our analysis indicates that the TEM data are valid, and for this data set the estimated signal-to-noise ratios are sufficient for reliable interpretation of TEM inverse models. The electrical resistivity of the CDR subsurface was modeled to a depth of approximately 150 meters. Results of two- and three-layered one-dimensional TEM inverse models are in agreement with well-log data in the CDR area. Porosity variations along the top of the aquifer were not resolvable due to high clay content in the sediments. The results of this study leave room for further investigations of the local aquifer structure and chemistry.
机译：2011年，应用地球物理经验夏季（Sage）学生在新墨西哥州Santa Fe的Caja del Rio（CDR）地区的20个地点获得了瞬态电磁（TEM）发出数据，以评估地下水条件和未来潜力地球物理工作。据报道，CDR区域具有地热势，因此收集TEM数据以限制局部含水层的结构和水质。遗憾的是，CDR调查区域还具有多种噪声源，包括电力传输变电站，一系列高压传输线和天然气和水管道。在反转和解释数据之前，有必要评估来自CDR等研究区域的噪声源对TEM数据的影响。我们分析了相对于测量的瞬态衰减的最大背景噪声幅度，并利用来自幂律衰减的探测响应的偏差，以沿着轮廓沿着每个部位的每个部位耦合到人为结构的电磁（EM）偶联的程度。还针对无限线源计算了作为距离函数的EM耦合的理论效果。发现潜在噪声源和测量背景噪声之间的相关性，但是在数据中没有观察到EM耦合的证据，我们将其归因于导电环境和相对较小的发射器循环尺寸。在更电阻的环境中，背景噪声的背景噪声更加有问题，并且更大的发射机力矩将增加与基础设施的耦合。我们的分析表明，TEM数据有效，对于该数据，所以估计的信噪比足以可靠地解释TEM逆模型。 CDR地下的电阻率建模到约150米的深度。两个和三层一维TEM逆模型的结果与CDR区域中的良好日志数据一致。由于沉积物中的高粘土含量，含水层顶部的孔隙率变化并不能解析。本研究的结果留下了进一步调查当地含水层结构和化学的空间。

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