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Numerical Simulation of Airflow Distribution on the Automobile Windshield in Defrost Mode

机译：除霜模式中汽车挡风玻璃上气流分布的数值模拟

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Proper flow distribution on the windshield and side windows is critical for adequate visibility while driving. Fog or ice which forms on the windshield is the main reason of invisibility and leads to major safety issue. It has been shown that proper clear visibility for the windshield could be obtained with a better flow pattern and uniform flow distribution in the defrost mode of the automobile heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system. In this study, a three dimensional numerical model of a car cabin with full HVAC system was developed using Star-CCM+, a commercial CFD package. The Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations (RANS) approach with the realizable two-layer k-ε turbulence model was employed for simulating the airflow field on the windshield for the defrost mode. The HVAC unit, ducts and defroster grille were included in the analysis in detail and the air distribution on the windshield was studied. The results of CFD simulations were compared to the experimental data using a correlation study and the correlation coefficient of numerical and experimental measurements was reported. CFD simulation was in good agreement with the experimental study. In order to study the effect of excluding HVAC unit from computational domain a second model was generated and it was found that the inclusion of the HVAC unit in addition to the defrost ducts significantly affects the numerical results. Also, it was shown that, data correlation coefficient along with the average percentage of error study is a reliable tool for comparison of CFD predictions of airflow distribution with experimental study over the windshield surface.
机译：挡风玻璃和侧窗上的适当流量分布对于驾驶时的充分能见度至关重要。挡风玻璃上的雾或冰是隐形性的主要原因，导致主要的安全问题。已经表明，在汽车加热，通风和空调（HVAC）系统的除霜模式下，可以通过更好的流动模式和均匀的流动分布来获得适当的挡风玻璃可视性。在这项研究中，使用Star-CCM +，商业CFD封装开发了具有全HVAC系统的汽车舱的三维数值模型。使用可实现的两层K-ε湍流模型的雷诺平均Navier-Stokes方程（RAN）方法用于模拟挡风玻璃上的气流场进行除霜模式。 HVAC单元，管道和除霜格栅在分析中，研究了挡风玻璃上的空气分布。将CFD仿真的结果与使用相关性研究的实验数据进行了比较，报告了数值和实验测量的相关系数。 CFD模拟与实验研究吻合良好。为了研究从计算结构域中排除HVAC单元的影响，产生了第二模型，并且发现除了除霜管外之外的空间单元显着影响数值结果。而且，表明，数据相关系数以及误差研究的平均百分比是一种可靠的工具，用于比较气流分布的CFD预测与挡风玻璃表面的实验研究。

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